방사선 조사 식품과 학교급식 (미국의 사례)
학교급식과 방사선 조사식품에 관한 미국의 진보적 시민단체인 ‘퍼블릭 시티즌’의 자료입니다.
미 정부당국이 2003년 the National School Lunch Program에 방사선을 쬐어 소독처리한 분쇄육(irradiated ground beef)의 사용을 허가한 후 안전성에 관한 많은 논란이 있었다고 합니다.
발육중인 청소년들은 성인들에게 비해 더 많은 음식, 물, 산소를 소비하기 때문에 환경 독소에 더 민감합니다.
방사선 조사 식품의 부산물로 나오는 몇몇 물질들은 암으로 전화되거나 세포에 유전적 손상을 일으킬 수 있습니다.
이런 이유 때문에 학교급식(the National School Lunch Program)에 방사선 조사 분쇄육을 사용하는 것은 수많은 반대에 부딛혔고, LA와 콜롬비아 등 11개 school districts는 학생들의 급식에 방사선 조사 식품을 사용하는 것을 금지시켰습니다.
퍼블릭 시티즌은 이러한 모범사례들을 지역건강관리정책(Local Wellness Policy)의 모델로 제시하고 있습니다.
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Irradiated Food & Model School Wellness Policy
출처 : 퍼블릭 시티즌
http://www.citizen.org/cmep/foodsafety/food_irrad/schoollunch/articles.cfm?ID=13360
Model Wellness Policies
The Reauthorization of the Child Nutrition Act in 2004 requires every school district that participates in federal school meals programs to pass a Local Wellness Policy (LWP) by the beginning of the 2006-2007 school year (Public Law 108-265 Section 204). The Local Wellness Policy is a significant development in education and health policy because it requires schools to address nutrition and physical activity, as well as creates an opportunity for greater public input into health in the school environment.
What must be addressed in the LWP?
Set goals for nutrition education, physical activity, and other school-based activities that promote health
Provide guidelines for all foods available in schools during the school day
Be no less restrictive than federal guidelines for school meals
Establish a way to measure the implementation of the LWP
Who should be involved in creating the LWP?
Parents, students, school food service representatives, the school board, school administrators, and the general public.
The Local Wellness Policy is an excellent opportunity to address the issue of serving irradiated food in school meals.
Irradiation – A Toxic Technology
Irradiation is a technology that exposes food to high doses of ionizing radiation to kill bacteria. In the process, irradiation depletes vitamins and nutrients and causes the creation of new chemicals – some of which do not naturally occur in food and have never been studied for safety by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Some of the byproducts of irradiating food may promote cancer development and cause genetic damage to cells. Moreover, there is scarce research on the long-term health effects on children who are exposed to toxic chemicals in foods. Existing studies indicate that children are more susceptible to environmental toxins because their bodies are still developing and they proportionally consume more food, water, and oxygen than adults.
Irradiated Foods in School Meals
Nationwide, schools are taking a greater interest in the nutritional standards and wholesomeness of food being served to children at school. In addition to fat and calorie content, the level of environmental toxins in food is of increasing concern to parents, teachers and school board officials. A 2003 decision to allow irradiated ground beef into the National School Lunch Program was met with tremendous opposition from the public. Since then, school districts across the country have debated whether serving this food to school children is appropriate, and 11 school districts, including Los Angeles and the District of Columbia, have banned irradiated foods from their meal programs.
Sample Policy Requirements for the Model Local Wellness Policy
1. Ban irradiated foods: Eleven school districts have banned irradiated foods from being served in their school meal programs. This measure can be included as a separate section of a Local Wellness Policy (see Appendix I) or as part of a nutrition component of a Local Wellness Policy (see Appendix II)
2. Right-to-Know Requirement: The public has overwhelmingly opposed the inclusion of irradiated foods in school lunches, despite the recent decision to allow irradiated ground beef in the National School Lunch Program. In school meals, irradiated food does not have to be labeled. Require school board approval, parental notification, and labeling for irradiated food prior to it being served to students.
Additional Resources
Food Irradiation
Public Citizen’s Critical Mass Energy and Environment Program
http://www.safelunch.org
Minnesota Voices for Choices
http://www.mnvoicesforchoices.org
Model Local Wellness Policies
USDA’s Team Nutrition Website, Basic Information on the Law:
http://www.fns.usda.gov/tn/Healthy/wellnesspolicy.html
Food Research & Action Center, General Information http://www.frac.org/html/federal_food_programs/cnreauthor/wellness_policies.htm
Center for Ecoliteracy, Rethinking School Lunch
http://www.ecoliteracy.org/programs/rsl.html
Community Food Security Coalition, Farm-to-School Programs
http://www.foodsecurity.org/farm_to_school.html
National Alliance for Nutrition and Activity, Model School Wellness Policy
http://www.schoolwellnesspolicies.org
APPENDIX 1
Respectfully Submitted to the [DISTRICT NAME] District School Board on [DATE]
A Resolution in Support of Keeping Food Safe for All Students
Submitted by: [Group or Individual Name]
WHEREAS: Each day, [DISTRICT NAME] school district students trust that the foods they eat in cafeterias are wholesome and safe; and
WHEREAS: The school board is charged with the responsibility of ensuring the safety of foods provided at schools within the [DISTRICT NAME] school district for human consumption; and
WHEREAS: Despite the fact that much of the research done on irradiated foods is over twenty years old and expressed the need for more long-term research on the unique radiolytic products created in irradiated food, current US laws regulating the production and retail of irradiated foods are still based on these studies and the FDA has never studied the long-term effects of consuming irradiated food; and
WHEREAS: Recent research in Germany, using more technologically advanced techniques and equipment, has led to the belief by many scientists, here and abroad, that irradiated foods are unsafe; and
WHEREAS: Current federal laws do not require irradiated foods served in schools to be labeled as such, and because schools are increasingly being targeted by the food irradiation industry through such programs as the National School Lunch Program, there is increasing likelihood that children may consume unsafe foods without their knowledge or the consent of their parents; and
WHEREAS: Current federal laws do not require certain irradiated food ingredients to be labeled, there is likelihood that the school district may be unknowingly purchasing irradiated foods.
FURTHER RESOLVED: The [DISTRICT NAME] school district shall not purchase any food products that can be reasonably believed to have been processed using any form of ionizing radiation (irradiation).
APPENDIX 2
September 3, 2004
News Release
Seattle SchoolBoard Approves
Comprehensive Suite of Nutrition Policies
Sales of Sodas and Junk Food Banned on School Campuses
The Seattle School Board has unanimously approved a comprehensive and far-reaching set of nutrition-related policies designed to provide students with healthy food and beverage choices during the school day. Specifically, the policies will ban sales of all foods containing high levels of sugar and fat, improve the quality and appeal of school meal programs, and prohibit contracts with beverage vendors for “exclusive pouring rights.”
These policies are amongst the strongest in the country, and confirm the Board’s commitment to eliminating barriers to learning by creating a healthy nutrition environment in all 100 schools.
“These policies make it clear that we are determined to provide our students with healthy food options,” said School Board Vice-President Brita Butler-Wall. “We are committed to providing an environment at each school that maximizes students’ ability to learn and succeed. That includes ensuring that foods and beverages sold at schools are healthy and nutritious.”
The new policies require all foods and beverages sold and distributed during the school day to meet nutrition guidelines and follow certain portion sizes. This provision will go into effect immediately at elementary and middle schools, and beginning February 1, 2005 at high schools. Exclusive ‘pouring rights’ contracts will be prohibited, and the current exclusive contract with Coca-Cola will be phased out within one year. The policies also give direction to the school meal program and others to offer fresh, local, organic, non-genetically-modified, non-irradiated, unprocessed food, whenever feasible.
Butler-Wall praised Shelley Curtis, Nutrition Director for the Children’s Alliance, for leading the research team that developed the policies over a six-month period. The nutrition sub-committee of the School Board relied on the expertise of more than 60 health and nutrition experts and community members. In adopting these policies, Seattle leads the way on a new state law requiring districts to adopt nutrition policies by 2005.
The new and amended policies include:
Policy E11.00, Food Service , and Procedure E11.01, Breakfast and Lunch Program
Policy E13.00, Food Sales , and Procedure E13.01, Distribution and Sales of Competitive Foods
Procedure C30.01, Advertising and Commercial Activities
The report of the nutrition committee is available on the District’s Web site at http://www.seattleschools.org/area/board/committees.xml and School Board Policies are available at http://www.seattleschools.org/area/policies/index.dxml
