유럽연합질병관리본부(ECDC)에서 남반부 국가들 중에서 칠레, 브라질, 호주, 뉴질랜드, 남아공의 상황을 정리한 2009.9.10자 최신자료입니다.

Chile (pop 16.6 million)

The number of pandemic influenza cases reported weekly to the national level has been decreasing since week 28. Until week 34, the number of confirmed cases was 12 190, out of which 1 504 presented with Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI). The majority of SARI cases were infants (69.1%) or children between 1-4 years of age (15.2%). The majority (63.8%) of the 125 laboratory-confirmed fatal cases had an underlying illness.

The majority of influenza strains identified until week 34 were A(H1N1)v and less than 0.5% were identified as seasonal H1 or H3 strains. Very few influenza viruses were identified through surveillance activities during week 34.

The Chilean surveillance report is available at: http://www.minsal.cl/

Brazil (pop. 192 million)

Since the beginning of the pandemic until week 34, 36 542 Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI) cases were notified in Brazil, of which 6 592 were subsequently laboratory-confirmed as influenza A (H1N1)v infections. The number of confirmed cases as well as ILI cases appears to have been decreasing for the last two weeks. Of the confirmed SARI cases, 657 (10%) have died. According to the health ministry, this is the highest number for a country in the world. However, Brazil has a large population and the reported mortality due to SARI cases with confirmed influenza A (H1N1)v is currently 0,34/100.000 inhabitants.

Out of the 6 592 SARI cases linked to influenza A (H1N1)v, 54.2% presented with at least one of risk factor (including pregnancy), which does not significantly differ from what is observed for seasonal influenza in the country. Among SARI cases in fertile age 23.1% were pregnant, which is larger than the proportion of pregnant women among SARI cases due to seasonal influenza (16.8%). The number of reported cases and consultation rates from sentinel surveillance has been decreasing for the last 4 weeks.

Out of 14 687 PCR tests conducted up to week 34, 68,5% tested positive for influenza A (H1N1)v. This proportion has not changed much in the last four weeks, although the number of samples being collected is decreasing rapidly.

For entire epidemiological update for week 34 (Portuguese) see:
http://portal.saude.gov.br/portal/arquivos/pdf/informe_influenza_se_34_31_08_2009.pdf

H1N1 website of the ministry of health:
http://dtr2001.saude.gov.br/ascom/svs_informa/conteudo/especial_influenza_1/pag_esp_influenza_site.htm

Australia (pop. 20.7 million)

In the national report for September 10th the total number of fatal cases associated with the pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 is now 165. There are still 335 cases hospitalised due to (H1N1) 2009 and 64 (19.1%) of them are in Intensive Care Units. The total number of hospitalisations in Australia since the pandemic began is 4 610. All of these figures indicate a decreasing trend for last few weeks. In most but not all of the jurisdictions of Australia the indications from clinical surveillance is that the peak of the first wave has been passed.

Twelve percent of the fatal cases and 6.6% of the hospitalised cases are indigenous Australians. According recent censuses, around 2.5% of the Australian population consider themselves indigenous.

The current Australian influenza report can be found at:
http://www.healthemergency.gov.au/internet/healthemergency/publishing.nsf/Content/bulletins-7-13Sep

A feature articles on what Europe can learn from Australia appeared in the British Medical Journal on August 22nd
http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/339/aug18_1/b3317

Australian Government-Department of Health and Ageing
http://www.healthemergency.gov.au/internet/healthemergency/publishing.nsf/Content/updates

New Zealand (pop. 4.2 million)

The latest report (September 9th) indicates that the circulation of influenza in the community continues to decline. The ILI consultation rate from a sentinel surveillance system has been decreasing since week 29, but is still at a higher level than during the past two years. The number of deaths from Pandemic Influenza (H1N1) 2009 is now 17. These are deaths where swine flu was a primary cause. There are a number of other deaths that are  being investigated by the Coroner’s office. As of September 9th, only one patient is reported to be in hospital due to influenza (H1N1) 2009 or its complications. The pressure on ICU’s is now so low that national authorities have stopped monitoring patient numbers. In general, schools are reporting usual levels of absence for this time of year.

The majority of isolates received through the sentinel surveillance system have been Influenza A(H1N1)v from week since week 27.

NZ National influenza update is at:
http://www.moh.govt.nz/moh.nsf/indexmh/influenza-a-h1n1-update-146-020909

NZ Sentinel surveillance report is at:
http://www.surv.esr.cri.nz/virology/influenza_weekly_update.php

South Africa (pop. 48.6 million)

As of September 8th, South Africa has confirmed 7 606 cases of pandemic (H1N1) 09, with 1 735 new cases being confirmed since the previous update. The number of deaths related to the pandemic is 31. It appears that the number of confirmed cases and deaths are still increasing.

The recommended national strategy is laboratory confirmation only for moderate or severe cases, however the national authorities believe it is likely that most cases are still being captured by the surveillance system.

South Africa has a large HIV-positive population, but thus far no information is available on severity of illness or changes in transmission patterns among this important group.
SA surveillance report available at: http://www.nicd.ac.za/