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	<title>건강과 대안 &#187; nature</title>
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		<title>[GMO] 네이처의 GMO 특집 (2013)</title>
		<link>http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&#038;p=4061</link>
		<comments>http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&#038;p=4061#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 25 May 2013 13:51:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>건강과대안</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[GMO]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[식품 · 의약품]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nature]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[네이처]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[유전자조작식품]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[과학잡지 네이처의 유전자조작(GM) 식품 특집http://www.nature.com/news/specials/gmcrops/index.html Specials See all specials GM crops: Promise and reality The introduction of the first transgenic plant 30 years ago heralded the start of [...]]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>과학잡지 네이처의 유전자조작(GM) 식품 특집<BR><BR><A href="http://www.nature.com/news/specials/gmcrops/index.html">http://www.nature.com/news/specials/gmcrops/index.html</A><BR><BR><br />
<H1 class=primary-heading><SPAN>Specials</SPAN></H1><br />
<P class=extras-list sizset="24" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><A href="http://www.nature.com/nature/archive/specials.html">See all specials</A> </P></HEADER><br />
<DIV class=inner-content sizset="25" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><SECTION><br />
<DIV class=heading sizset="25" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><IMG src="http://www.nature.com/news/specials/gmcrops/images/main.jpg"><br />
<DIV class=overlay sizset="25" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><br />
<H1 class=secondary-heading>GM crops: Promise and reality</H1><br />
<P>The introduction of the first transgenic plant 30 years ago heralded the start of a second green revolution, providing food to the starving, profits to farmers and environmental benefits to boot. Many GM crops fulfilled the promise. But their success has been mired in controversy with many questioning their safety, their profitability and their green credentials. A polarized debate has left little room for consensus. In this special issue, <EM>Nature</EM> explores the hopes, the fears, the reality and the future.</P><br />
<P class=credit>Image credit: Kelly Krause/<EM>Nature</EM> (photo: Nagy-Bagoly Arpad/Shutterstock<BR><BR></P><br />
<DIV class=column id=editorial sizset="33" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><br />
<H2 class=secondary-heading><SPAN>Editorial</SPAN> </H2><br />
<UL class="article-list clear" sizset="33" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><br />
<LI class=item-group-1 sizset="33" sizcache04173909232396706="17" nodeIndex="1"><ARTICLE><br />
<DIV class="standard-teaser media-left" sizset="33" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><br />
<H1 sizset="33" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><A href="http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/497005b">Fields of gold</A> </H1><br />
<DIV class=media sizset="34" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><A href="http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/497005b"><IMG alt="" src="http://www.nature.com/news/specials/gmcrops/images/gmcrops_logo.jpg"></A> </DIV><br />
<P class=standfirst>Research on transgenic crops must be done outside industry if it is to fulfil its early promise.</P><br />
<P class=citation><SPAN class=journal-title>Nature</SPAN> ( <TIME pubdate="" datetime="2013-05-02"><SPAN class=time>02 May 2013</SPAN></TIME> ) </P></DIV></ARTICLE></LI></UL></DIV></SECTION><SECTION><br />
<DIV class=column id=news sizset="35" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><br />
<H2 class=secondary-heading><SPAN>News</SPAN> </H2><br />
<UL class="article-list clear" sizset="35" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><br />
<LI class=item-group-1 sizset="35" sizcache04173909232396706="17" nodeIndex="1"><ARTICLE><br />
<DIV class="standard-teaser media-left" sizset="35" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><br />
<H1 sizset="35" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><A href="http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/497017a">Transgenic salmon nears approval</A> </H1><br />
<DIV class=media sizset="36" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><A href="http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/497017a"><IMG alt="" src="http://www.nature.com/news/specials/gmcrops/images/497017a.jpg"></A> </DIV><br />
<P class=standfirst>Slow US regulatory process highlights hurdles of getting engineered food animals to dinner tables.</P><br />
<P class=citation><SPAN class=journal-title>Nature</SPAN> ( <TIME pubdate="" datetime="2013-05-02"><SPAN class=time>02 May 2013</SPAN></TIME> ) </P></DIV></ARTICLE></LI></UL></DIV></SECTION><SECTION><br />
<DIV class=column id=features sizset="37" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><br />
<H2 class=secondary-heading><SPAN>News Features</SPAN> </H2><br />
<UL class="article-list clear" sizset="37" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><br />
<LI class=item-group-1 sizset="37" sizcache04173909232396706="17" nodeIndex="1"><ARTICLE><br />
<DIV class="standard-teaser media-left" sizset="37" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><br />
<H1 sizset="37" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><A href="http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/497022a">GM crops: A story in numbers</A> </H1><br />
<DIV class=media sizset="38" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><A href="http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/497022a"><IMG alt="" src="http://www.nature.com/news/specials/gmcrops/images/497022a.jpg"> </A></DIV><br />
<P class=standfirst>Genetically modified crops have gained ground on their conventional counterparts, but the vast majority are grown in five countries, featuring four crops and two principal traits.</P><br />
<P class=citation><SPAN class=journal-title>Nature</SPAN> ( <TIME pubdate="" datetime="2013-05-02"><SPAN class=time>02 May 2013</SPAN></TIME> ) </P></DIV></ARTICLE></LI><br />
<LI class=item-group-1 sizset="39" sizcache04173909232396706="17" nodeIndex="2"><ARTICLE><br />
<DIV class="standard-teaser media-left" sizset="39" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><br />
<H1 sizset="39" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><A href="http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/497024a">Case studies: A hard look at GM crops</A> </H1><br />
<DIV class=media sizset="40" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><A href="http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/497024a"><IMG alt="" src="http://www.nature.com/news/specials/gmcrops/images/497024a.jpg"> </A></DIV><br />
<P class=standfirst>Superweeds? Suicides? Stealthy genes? The true, the false and the still unknown about transgenic crops. </P><br />
<P class=citation><SPAN class=journal-title>Nature</SPAN> ( <TIME pubdate="" datetime="2013-05-02"><SPAN class=time>02 May 2013</SPAN></TIME> ) </P></DIV></ARTICLE></LI><br />
<LI class=item-group-1 sizset="41" sizcache04173909232396706="17" nodeIndex="3"><ARTICLE><br />
<DIV class="standard-teaser media-left" sizset="41" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><br />
<H1 sizset="41" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><A href="http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/497027a">Transgenic crops: A new breed</A> </H1><br />
<DIV class=media sizset="42" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><A href="http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/497027a"><IMG alt="" src="http://www.nature.com/news/specials/gmcrops/images/497027a.jpg"> </A></DIV><br />
<P class=standfirst>The next wave of genetically modified crops is making its way to market — and might just ease concerns over &#8216;Frankenfoods&#8217;.</P><br />
<P class=citation><SPAN class=journal-title>Nature</SPAN> ( <TIME pubdate="" datetime="2013-05-02"><SPAN class=time>02 May 2013</SPAN></TIME> ) </P></DIV></ARTICLE></LI></UL></DIV></SECTION><SECTION><br />
<DIV class=column id=commentaries sizset="43" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><br />
<H2 class=secondary-heading><SPAN>Commentaries</SPAN> </H2><br />
<UL class="article-list clear" sizset="43" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><br />
<LI class=item-group-1 sizset="43" sizcache04173909232396706="17" nodeIndex="1"><ARTICLE><br />
<DIV class="standard-teaser media-left" sizset="43" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><br />
<H1 sizset="43" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><A href="http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/497031a">Africa and Asia need a rational debate on GM crops</A> </H1><br />
<DIV class=media sizset="44" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><A href="http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/497031a"><IMG alt="" src="http://www.nature.com/news/specials/gmcrops/images/497031a.jpg"> </A></DIV><br />
<P class=standfirst>Policy-makers in developing countries should not be swayed by the politicized arguments dominant in Europe, say Christopher J.M. Whitty and colleagues.</P><br />
<P class=citation><SPAN class=journal-title>Nature</SPAN> ( <TIME pubdate="" datetime="2013-05-02"><SPAN class=time>02 May 2013</SPAN></TIME> ) </P></DIV></ARTICLE></LI><br />
<LI class=item-group-1 sizset="45" sizcache04173909232396706="17" nodeIndex="2"><ARTICLE><br />
<DIV class="standard-teaser media-left" sizset="45" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><br />
<H1 sizset="45" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><A href="http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/497033a">An experiment for the world </A></H1><br />
<DIV class=media sizset="46" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><A href="http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/497033a"><IMG alt="" src="http://www.nature.com/news/specials/gmcrops/images/497033a.jpg"> </A></DIV><br />
<P class=standfirst>China’s scientists are using a variety of approaches to boost crop yields and limit environmental damage, say Fusuo Zhang, Xinping Chen and Peter Vitousek.</P><br />
<P class=citation><SPAN class=journal-title>Nature</SPAN> ( <TIME pubdate="" datetime="2013-05-02"><SPAN class=time>02 May 2013</SPAN></TIME> ) </P></DIV></ARTICLE></LI></UL></DIV></SECTION><SECTION><br />
<DIV class=column id=correspondence sizset="47" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><br />
<H2 class=secondary-heading><SPAN>Correspondence</SPAN> </H2><br />
<UL class="article-list clear" sizset="47" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><br />
<LI class=item-group-1 sizset="47" sizcache04173909232396706="17" nodeIndex="1"><ARTICLE><br />
<DIV class="standard-teaser media-left" sizset="47" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><br />
<H1 sizset="47" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><A href="http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/497040a">Biotechnology: Thirty years of transgenic plants</A> </H1><br />
<DIV class=media sizset="48" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><A href="http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/497040a"><IMG alt="" src="http://www.nature.com/news/specials/gmcrops/images/gmcrops_logo.jpg"> </A></DIV><br />
<P class=standfirst>To overcome today’s huge agricultural hurdles we should move to a model that combines the best features of transgenic technology with those of organic and conventional farming.</P><br />
<P class=citation><SPAN class=journal-title>Nature</SPAN> ( <TIME pubdate="" datetime="2013-05-02"><SPAN class=time>02 May 2013</SPAN></TIME> ) </P></DIV></ARTICLE></LI></UL></DIV></SECTION><SECTION><br />
<DIV class=column id=perspective sizset="49" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><br />
<H2 class=secondary-heading><SPAN>Perspective</SPAN> </H2><br />
<UL class="article-list clear" sizset="49" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><br />
<LI class=item-group-1 sizset="49" sizcache04173909232396706="17" nodeIndex="1"><ARTICLE><br />
<DIV class="standard-teaser media-left" sizset="49" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><br />
<H1 sizset="49" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><A href="http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature11909">Using membrane transporters to improve crops for sustainable food production</A> </H1><br />
<DIV class=media sizset="50" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><A href="http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature11909"><IMG alt="" src="http://www.nature.com/news/specials/gmcrops/images/nature11909.jpg"> </A></DIV><br />
<P class=standfirst>This Perspective discusses the emerging advances in plant membrane transporters, which can be used to improve crop yields, nutritional value, and environmental stress resistance.</P><br />
<P class=citation><SPAN class=journal-title>Nature</SPAN> ( <TIME pubdate="" datetime="2013-05-02"><SPAN class=time>02 May 2013</SPAN></TIME> ) </P></DIV></ARTICLE></LI></UL></DIV></SECTION><SECTION><br />
<DIV class=column id=podcast sizset="51" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><br />
<H2 class=secondary-heading><SPAN>Nature Podcast</SPAN> </H2><br />
<UL class="article-list clear" sizset="51" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><br />
<LI class=item-group-1 sizset="51" sizcache04173909232396706="17" nodeIndex="1"><ARTICLE><br />
<DIV class="standard-teaser media-left" sizset="51" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><br />
<H1 sizset="51" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><A href="http://www.nature.com/nature/podcast/index-2013-05-02.html">Nature Podcast: GM crops</A> </H1><br />
<DIV class=media sizset="52" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><A href="http://www.nature.com/nature/podcast/index-2013-05-02.html"><IMG alt="" src="http://www.nature.com/news/specials/gmcrops/images/ipod3.jpg"> </A></DIV><br />
<P class=standfirst>Case studies reveal if genes really escape from the fields where GM crops are grown, and if their use really leads to a drop in pesticide use.</P><br />
<P class=citation><SPAN class=journal-title>Nature</SPAN> ( <TIME pubdate="" datetime="2013-05-02"><SPAN class=time>02 May 2013</SPAN></TIME> ) </P></DIV></ARTICLE></LI></UL></DIV></SECTION><SECTION><br />
<DIV class=column id=archive sizset="53" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><br />
<H2 class=secondary-heading><SPAN>Archive</SPAN> </H2><br />
<UL class="article-list clear" sizset="53" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><br />
<LI class=item-group-1 sizset="53" sizcache04173909232396706="17" nodeIndex="1"><ARTICLE><br />
<DIV class="standard-teaser media-left" sizset="53" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><br />
<H1 sizset="53" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><A href="http://www.nature.com/news/seed-patent-case-in-supreme-court-1.12445">Seed-patent case in Supreme Court</A> </H1><br />
<DIV class=media sizset="54" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><A href="http://www.nature.com/news/seed-patent-case-in-supreme-court-1.12445"><IMG alt="" src="http://www.nature.com/news/specials/gmcrops/images/1.12445.jpg"> </A></DIV><br />
<P class=standfirst>Loss of patent control could rekindle ‘terminator’ technology.</P><br />
<P class=citation><SPAN class=journal-title>Nature</SPAN> ( <TIME pubdate="" datetime="2013-02-19"><SPAN class=time>19 February 2013</SPAN></TIME> ) </P></DIV></ARTICLE></LI><br />
<LI class=item-group-1 sizset="55" sizcache04173909232396706="17" nodeIndex="2"><ARTICLE><br />
<DIV class="standard-teaser media-left" sizset="55" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><br />
<H1 sizset="55" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><A href="http://www.nature.com/news/2010/100728/full/466548a.html">Food: Inside the hothouses of industry</A> </H1><br />
<DIV class=media sizset="56" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><A href="http://www.nature.com/news/2010/100728/full/466548a.html"><IMG alt="" src="http://www.nature.com/news/specials/gmcrops/images/466548a.jpg"> </A></DIV><br />
<P class=standfirst>Feeding the world is going to require the scientific and financial muscle of agricultural biotechnology companies. Natasha Gilbert asks whether they&#8217;re up to the task.</P><br />
<P class=citation><SPAN class=journal-title>Nature</SPAN> ( <TIME pubdate="" datetime="2010-07-28"><SPAN class=time>28 July 2010</SPAN></TIME> ) </P></DIV></ARTICLE></LI><br />
<LI class=item-group-1 sizset="57" sizcache04173909232396706="17" nodeIndex="3"><ARTICLE><br />
<DIV class="standard-teaser media-left" sizset="57" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><br />
<H1 sizset="57" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><A href="http://www.nature.com/news/2010/100309/full/news.2010.112.html">A new dawn for transgenic crops in Europe?</A> </H1><br />
<DIV class=media sizset="58" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><A href="http://www.nature.com/news/2010/100309/full/news.2010.112.html"><IMG alt="" src="http://www.nature.com/news/specials/gmcrops/images/news.2010.112.jpg"> </A></DIV><br />
<P class=standfirst>Approval of the Amflora potato could signal a fresh approach to genetically modified organisms.</P><br />
<P class=citation><SPAN class=journal-title>Nature</SPAN> ( <TIME pubdate="" datetime="2010-03-09"><SPAN class=time>09 March 2010</SPAN></TIME> ) </P></DIV></ARTICLE></LI><br />
<LI class=item-group-1 sizset="59" sizcache04173909232396706="17" nodeIndex="4"><ARTICLE><br />
<DIV class="standard-teaser media-left" sizset="59" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><br />
<H1 sizset="59" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><A href="http://www.nature.com/news/2009/090902/full/461027a.html">GM crops: Battlefield</A> </H1><br />
<DIV class=media sizset="60" sizcache04173909232396706="17"><A href="http://www.nature.com/news/2009/090902/full/461027a.html"><IMG alt="" src="http://www.nature.com/news/specials/gmcrops/images/461027a.jpg"> </A></DIV><br />
<P class=standfirst>Papers suggesting that biotech crops might harm the environment attract a hail of abuse from other scientists. Emily Waltz asks if the critics fight fair.</P><br />
<P class=citation><SPAN class=journal-title>Nature</SPAN> ( <TIME pubdate="" datetime="2009-09-02"><SPAN class=time>02 September 2009</SPAN></TIME> ) </P></DIV></LI></UL></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></p>
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		<title>[천안함사건] 네이처 &#8216;천안함 데이터 조작 가능&#8217; 보도</title>
		<link>http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&#038;p=2142</link>
		<comments>http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&#038;p=2142#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 10 Jul 2010 15:18:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>건강과대안</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[반전·평화·민주주의]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nature]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[네이처]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[데이터 조작]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[반전]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[서재정]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[양판석]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[이승헌]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[천안함]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[평화]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Controversy over South Korea&#8217;s sunken ship Physicists&#8217; research casts doubt on idea that North Korean torpedo downed vessel. David Cyranoski 출처 : [네이처(nature)] Published online 8 July 2010 [...]]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><P><FONT size=4>Controversy over South Korea&#8217;s sunken ship</FONT></P><br />
<P class=intro minmax_bound="true">Physicists&#8217; research casts doubt on idea that North Korean torpedo downed vessel.</P><br />
<P class=byline sizcache="45" sizset="21" minmax_bound="true"><SPAN class=vcard sizcache="45" sizset="21" minmax_bound="true"><SPAN class="author fn" sizcache="45" sizset="21" minmax_bound="true"><A href="http://www.nature.com/news/author/David+Cyranoski/index.html" minmax_bound="true">David Cyranoski</A> <BR><BR>출처 : [네이처(nature)] Published online <ABBR class=published title=2010-07-08T16:21:29Z minmax_bound="true">8 July 2010</ABBR minmax_bound="true"> | Nature | doi:10.1038/news.2010.343<BR><A href="http://www.nature.com/news/2010/100708/full/news.2010.343.html">http://www.nature.com/news/2010/100708/full/news.2010.343.html</A><BR><BR><BR></SPAN></SPAN></P><!-- --><br />
<DIV class=entry-content sizcache="45" sizset="22" minmax_bound="true">In May, two months after the sinking of a South Korean warship, the country released a report blaming its northern neighbour. That report soon came under fire from South Korean opposition politicians and an influential South Korean civil liberties group. Now some scientists are lending their weight to the critique.</DIV><br />
<P class=entry-content sizcache="45" sizset="22" minmax_bound="true">On 26 March, the <SPAN class=i minmax_bound="true">Cheonan</SPAN>, a patrol ship that monitored North Korean submarine activity, split in two and sank near the contested maritime boundary between the two countries. In a 20 May <A href="http://go.nature.com/KJ8siY" minmax_bound="true">report</A> the Joint Investigation Group (JIG), composed of civilian and military experts from Korea and some advisers from the United Kingdom, the United States, Sweden and Australia, concluded that North Korea had torpedoed the ship and was responsible for the deaths of 46 crew members. </P><br />
<P class=entry-content sizcache="45" sizset="22" minmax_bound="true">The group&#8217;s evidence included fragments of a torpedo found near the ship which had the same dimensions as torpedoes pictured in North Korean munitions pamphlets and had ink markings identifying it as North Korean.</P><br />
<P class=entry-content sizcache="45" sizset="22" minmax_bound="true">The controversy started before the report was even released. An expert placed on the JIG by the opposition party — Shin Sang-chul, a former officer in the South Korean navy who had also worked at a shipbuilding company — suggested that an accidental collision with a US warship, and not North Korea, was to blame. The United States and South Korea had been carrying out military exercises in the area at the time.</P><br />
<P class=entry-content sizcache="45" sizset="22" minmax_bound="true">On 10 June, the People&#8217;s Solidarity for Participatory Democracy, a Seoul-based organisation that acts as a watchdog on government authority, sent an open letter to the United Nations Security Council in which it raised eight questions concerning the contents of the JIG&#8217;s report and six problems concerning the transparency of the investigation. The letter alleged that the report&#8217;s claim that a torpedo-induced water column sank the <SPAN class=i minmax_bound="true">Cheonan </SPAN>contradicted earlier testimony from survivors that they did not see a water column or only felt water droplets on the face. The letter also questioned why the supposed torpedo launch was not detected, despite active sonar equipment aboard the <SPAN class=i minmax_bound="true">Cheonan</SPAN>. </P><br />
<DIV class=entry-content sizcache="45" sizset="22" minmax_bound="true">Seung-Hun Lee, a Korean-born physicist at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, says the most problematic part of the JIG&#8217;s report is the linking of the adsorbed material on the propeller of the torpedo with that found on the ship. In the JIG&#8217;s report, electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis shows the samples to be nearly identical to each other and with those produced in a simulated test explosion: each has similar-sized peaks showing the presence of aluminium, oxygen, carbon and other elements. X-ray diffraction analysis likewise shows the torpedo sample to have the same signature as the ship sample. But on one point, the EDS data and X-ray data are different — the X-ray data lack any sign of aluminium or aluminium oxide. </DIV><br />
<P class=entry-content sizcache="45" sizset="22" minmax_bound="true">To explain the discrepancy, the JIG&#8217;s report suggests that the aluminium had supercooled into amorphous aluminium oxide, rather than a crystalline form. Amorphous aluminium oxides do not produce an X-ray diffraction pattern. </P><br />
<P class=entry-content sizcache="45" sizset="22" minmax_bound="true">But the supercooling of metals into amorphous forms is a delicate process, says Lee. &#8220;It&#8217;s impossible that 100% of it would be amorphous,&#8221; he says. Lee&#8217;s own experiments show that aluminium in such conditions would primarily be crystalline. </P><br />
<H2 class=inlineheading sizcache="45" sizset="22" minmax_bound="true">Lousy job?</H2><br />
<P class=entry-content sizcache="45" sizset="23" minmax_bound="true">Lee posted his report online on 3 June<SUP sizcache="45" sizset="23" minmax_bound="true"><A href="http://www.nature.com/news/2010/100708/full/news.2010.343.html#B1" minmax_bound="true">1</A></SUP>. Experiments carried out independently by Panseok Yang, a technician specializing in mass spectrometry at the geological sciences department of the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg, found that the ratio of oxygen to aluminium in the rapidly cooling aluminium would be much lower than suggested by the JIG. Yang&#8217;s data, which were added to Lee&#8217;s online report on 28 June, suggest that the samples analyzed by the JIG could have been from old, rusted aluminum.</P><br />
<P class=entry-content sizcache="45" sizset="22" minmax_bound="true">Lee also says that the JIG did not explain why the blue ink on the torpedo that apparently identified it as North Korean did not melt, as the temperatures following its detonation were high enough to melt the paint. &#8220;They did a lousy job in every sense,&#8221; says Lee. </P><br />
<P class=entry-content sizcache="45" sizset="22" minmax_bound="true">Lee admits that they cannot say with any certainty how the ship sank if a North Korean torpedo was not responsible, although they offer alternatives. The <SPAN class=i minmax_bound="true">Cheonan </SPAN>might have been hit by a mine (probably a South Korean one, according to Jae-Jung Suh, a political scientist at Johns Hopkins University working in Washington DC), or it might have been rammed by another ship, as suggested by Shin. </P><br />
<P class=entry-content sizcache="45" sizset="22" minmax_bound="true">The South Korean government has adamantly denied any fabrication or any major problems with its interpretation of the data.</P><!-- 300x250 ad --><br />
<DIV class="ad ad300x250" sizcache="45" sizset="24" minmax_bound="true"><br />
<P minmax_bound="true">Many others doubt that there is any alternative interpretation. James Schoff, an expert in Asian regional security mechanisms who heads Asia-Pacific studies at the Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis in Washington DC, says, &#8220;Aside from the science, it is consistent with North Korea&#8217;s behaviour in the past. It fits the goal of the conservatives [within the government], which is to try to raise awareness of a security threat.&#8221;</P></DIV><br />
<P class=entry-content sizcache="45" sizset="22" minmax_bound="true">This doesn&#8217;t, however, rule out the possibility that North Korea did sink the ship but that South Korea nonetheless fabricated data to make a stronger case to the United Nations, admits Schoff. It&#8217;s possible, for example, that they added the ink, he says. &#8220;It wouldn&#8217;t surprise me if they added it to make it more convincing. But I have no doubts personally that the conclusion [of the JIG report] is correct.&#8221;</P><br />
<P class=entry-content sizcache="45" sizset="22" minmax_bound="true">Lee and Suh have vowed to keep raising awareness of the inconsistencies. On 9 July, they are set to speak at the Foreign Correspondents Club in Tokyo. </P><br />
<P class=entry-content sizcache="45" sizset="22" minmax_bound="true">&#8220;South Korea should reopen an investigation, and the parliament should open an investigation into the JIG on suspicion of fabricated data,&#8221; Suh told <SPAN class=i minmax_bound="true">Nature</SPAN>. &#8220;They failed in their task of proving that this was done by North Korea, and so it is quite likely that they fabricated data.&#8221;<SPAN class=end-of-item minmax_bound="true">&nbsp;</SPAN></P><br />
<DIV class=entry-content sizcache="45" sizset="22" minmax_bound="true"><br />
<UL class=xoxo id=article-refrences sizcache="45" sizset="25" minmax_bound="true"><br />
<LI sizcache="45" sizset="25" minmax_bound="true"><br />
<H2 class=heading minmax_bound="true">References</H2><br />
<OL sizcache="45" sizset="25" minmax_bound="true"><br />
<LI id=B1 sizcache="45" sizset="25" minmax_bound="true"><A name=B1 minmax_bound="true"><!-- . --></A>Lee, S.-H. &#038; Yang, P. preprint at <A class=reftxt href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1006.0680" minmax_bound="true">http://arxiv.org/abs/1006.0680</A> (<SPAN class=cite-month-year minmax_bound="true">2010</SPAN>). </LI></OL></LI></UL></DIV><br />
<P sizcache="45" sizset="25" minmax_bound="true"><BR>=======================================<BR><BR><네이처> &#8216;천안함 데이터 조작 가능&#8217; 美 전문가 견해 보도<!--/DCM_TITLE--><!--KWCM_TITLE_END_1--></P><br />
<H4>외신 서재정·이승헌 교수 도쿄 기자회견 주목…美 <성조지> 기사 사라져</H4><br />
<P class=inputdate>출처 : 프레시안 기사입력 2010-07-10 오후 12:08:46 <A href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05">http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05</A><BR><BR>천안함 민군 합동<A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>조사</A>단의 오류와 자료 조작 가능성을 제기하는 재미 한인 학자들의 견해가 외신을 통해 전 세계로 타전되고 있다.<BR><BR><네이처>, <미국의소리>, <성조지>, <<A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>AP</A>> 등 해외 언론은 9일 서재정 존스홉킨스대 국제<A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>정치학</A> 교수와 이승헌 <A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>버지니아</A>대 <A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>물리학</A>과 교수가 일본 <A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>도쿄</A>에서 가진 기자회견 내용을 상세히 보도했다.<BR><BR>주로 미국 언론이 관심을 보이고 있는데, 이중에는 미국 정부와 직·간접적인 연계를 가진 <A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>매체</A>도 있다.<BR><BR><STRONG>&#8220;북한 소행 맞아도 자료 조작 가능성 배제 안 해&#8221;<BR><BR></STRONG>서재정 교수와 이승헌 교수의 주장을 가장 자세히 전하며 관심을 드러낸 매체는 세계적으로 권위를 인정받고 있는 <A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>영국</A>의 <A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>과학</A> 학술 잡지 <네이처>.<BR><BR><네이처> <A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>인터넷</A>판은 이날 도쿄발 기사에서 합동조사단의 발표 내용과 두 교수의 반박, 참여연대가 유엔 안전보장이사회에 보낸 서한을 두루 소개하며 천안함 침몰에 관한 논쟁이 가열되고 있다고 보도했다. 이 기사를 작성한 데이비드 시라노스키 기자는 2005년 황우석 사태 때도 한국에서의 논란을 자세히 보도했던 적이 있다.<BR><BR>이 잡지는 이승헌 교수가 합동조사단 발표의 가장 심각한 문제로 제기하는 것은 선체·어뢰·수중 폭발 실험에서 나온 세 가지 <A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>흡착</A> 물질의 불일치 문제라면서 흡착물에 대한 <A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>에너지</A> <A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>분광</A>(<A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>EDS</A>) <A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>분석</A>에서 <A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>알루미늄</A>이 다량 발견됐지만 <A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>엑스레이</A> 회절(<A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>XRD</A>) 분석에서는 알루미늄이나 산화알루미늄의 흔적이 부족하다고(lack) 전했다.<BR><BR>이에 대해 합동조사단은 어뢰가 폭발하면서 알루미늄 산화물이 비결정질이 됐기 때문이라고 주장하고 있지만 이 교수는 알루미늄이 100퍼센트 비결정질이 될 수는 없다고 반박한다고 잡지는 전했다. 이 교수는 알루미늄 용융·냉각 실험을 통해 알루미늄 산화물이 주로 결정질로 발견됨을 <A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>입증</A>했다.<BR><BR>이 잡지는 이 교수가 기자회견에서 언급한 <A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>캐나다</A> 매니토바대 <A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>지질</A>과학과 양판석 박사가 제기한 합동조사단 발표의 문제점도 소개했다. 어뢰·선체 흡착물에 대한 <A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>EDS 분석</A> 데이터에 나온 <A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>산소</A>/알루미늄 비율로 볼 때 흡착물은 폭발 때문이 아니라 그저 오래되고 <A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>부식</A>된 알루미늄에서 나온 것일 뿐일 수 있다는 것.<BR><BR>이어서 <네이처>는 미국의 저명한 <A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>연구</A> 기관인 외교정책분석연구소(The Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis)에서 아시아 지역 안보 <A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>전문가</A>로 활동하는 제임스 <A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>스코프</A>의 발언을 전했다.<BR><BR>제임스 스코프는 &#8220;과학적인 문제를 논외로 한다면 (북한이 천안함에 어뢰를 쐈다는 합동조사단의 결론은) 북한이 과거 보였던 행태와 일치한다&#8221;며 &#8220;그것은 안보 위협을 인식시키려는 북한 내 보수주의자들의 목적에 부합한다&#8221;고 말했다.<BR><BR>하지만 스코프는 북한이 천안함을 침몰시킨 게 맞다고 하더라도 한국이 유엔에서 자신들의 주장을 더 강하게 하기 위해 데이터를 조작했을 가능성을 배제할 수 없음을 인정했다고 <네이처>는 전했다.<BR><BR>스코프는 예를 들어 한국 측에서 어뢰 추진체에 &#8217;1번&#8217; <A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>글씨</A>를 써넣었을 수도 있다면서 &#8220;그들(한국)이 증거를 더 강력한 것으로 <A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>만들기</A> 위해 글씨를 써 넣었다고 해도 놀랍지 않다. 그러나 나는 <A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>개인</A>적으로 (합동조사단 보고서의) 결론이 정확하다는 걸 의심하지 않고 있다&#8221;고 말했다.<BR><BR>서재정 교수는 이 잡지에 &#8220;한국 정부는 조사를 다시 해야 하고 의회는 합동조사단의 데이터 조작 의혹을 조사해야 한다&#8221;며 &#8220;합동조사단은 천안함이 북한에 의해 피격됐을 가능성을 입증하는데 실패했고 자료는 조작됐을 가능성이 매우 높다&#8221;고 말했다.<BR><BR><B>&#8220;외부 폭발은 없었다&#8221;</B><BR><BR><AP>는 &#8216;연구자들이 한국 함선의 침몰에 의문을 제기했다&#8217;는 제목의 도쿄발 기사에서 두 명의 재미 한인 학자들이 합동조사단의 조사는 결론을 내리기에 증거가 부족하고 조작된 데이터를 사용했을 가능성이 있으므로 조사가 다시 이뤄져야 한다고 말했다고 보도했다.<BR><BR><AP>는 &#8220;우리는 사고가 언제 어디서 발생했는지 확실히 알지 못하고 단지 외부 폭발은 없었다는 결론만 도출할 수 있다&#8221;는 서재정 교수의 말을 전했다. 또 이승헌 교수에 대해 합동조사단이 사용한 엑스레이 분석 기술의 전문가로 중성자와 엑스레이 <A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>분산</A>을 연구하는 <A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>실험실</A>에 있다고 소개했다.<BR><BR>이 언론은 또 한국 내에서 합동조사단의 발표에 의구심을 품는 사람들은 비록 소수지만 천안함 침몰의 상세한 내용에 대한 의문들이 합동조사단 보고서가 나온 후부터 제기되어 왔다고 덧붙였다.<BR><BR>이 언론은 아울러 이 교수가 천안함 침몰의 실제 이유에 대한 추정은 하지 않았다면서 &#8220;우리는 모른다. 아무도 모른다. 좌초 가능성도 있고 사고 가능성도 있다. 그러한 가능성들을 배제할 수 없기 때문에 조사를 다시 해야 한다&#8221;고 말했다고 전했다.<BR><BR><미국의 소리>(VOA) <A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>방송</A> 인터넷판도 기자회견 소식을 전하며 천안함 선저 절단면의 모습은 통상적인 외부 폭발로 발생한 엄청난 쇼크에서 나온 게 아니라는 두 교수의 주장을 소개했다.<BR><BR>이 교수는 &#8220;천안함에서 떨어져 나간 부분과 파편의 거의 대부분이 어뢰 추진체가 발견된 지점보다 천안함에 가까운 3~6미터 내에서 발견됐어야 한다&#8221;며 &#8220;오직 <A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>프로펠러</A>와 추진체만 발견됐다는 것은 말이 안 된다&#8221;고 말했다.<BR><BR>두 교수는 자신들이 발견해 낸 문제점들이 북한의 소행을 부정하는 것은 아니라면서도 한국 정부가 불충분한 증거를 바탕으로 결론을 내린 것은 무책임했다고 말했다고 <VOA>는 전했다.<BR><BR><B>사라진 <성조지> 기사</B><BR><BR>미국의 군사 전문지 <성조지>(Stars and Stripes)가 두 교수의 회견을 기사화했다는 사실도 주목된다.<BR><BR><성조지>는 천안함 선체에서 <A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>화약</A>이 얼마나 발견됐는지에서부터 생존자들은 왜 공개적인 발언을 안 하는지에 이르기까지 일부 사람들이 조사에 의문을 제기하고 있다며 기자회견 내용을 전했다.<BR><BR>그러면서 이 <A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>신문</A>은 9일 자신들이 한국 국방부에 합동조사단 결론의 정확성에 대한 <A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>정보</A>를 수차례(repeated) 요구했지만 국방부는 답을 하지 않았다고 소개했다.<BR><BR>이와 관련해 메릴랜드대학(University of Maryland University College)의 데이비드 가렛슨 교수는 천안함 침몰이 북한 때문이라고 생각하지만 왜 북한이 어뢰에 글씨를 남겨 두었는지 등 합동조사단의 일부 조사 결과가 의문이라는데 동의했다고 신문은 전했다.<BR><BR>가렛슨 교수는 &#8220;북한은 발자국을 남기거나 <A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>꼬리</A>를 잡힐 수 있는 곳에 아무런 흔적도 남기지 않았을 것이라고 생각할 수 있다(You would think that the North Koreans wouldn&#8217;t put anything on it where you could footprint them or catch them)&#8221;고 말했다.<BR><BR>그러나 &#8216;교수들이 천안함 보고서에 논쟁을 제기하다&#8217;(Professors dispute report on sinking of South Korean ship)는 제목의 이 기사는 <A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>포털</A>사이트에서 제목과 일부 내용만 드러날 뿐 10일 오전 현재 <성조지> <A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>웹사이트</A>에서는 보이지 않는다. 포털사이트에서 기사 제목을 <A class=dklink style="COLOR: #00f; TEXT-DECORATION: underline" href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=40100710114652&#038;section=05" target=_blank>클릭</A>하면 &#8216;사라졌다&#8217;(AWOL)는 메시지만 뜬다. <BR><!--/DCM_BODY--><!--KWCM_CONTENT_END_1--></P><br />
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