건강과 대안 » Tobacco Control

[담배] 흡연 유행병 및 담배 통제에 관한 10가지 사실 (WHO)

건강과대안 — Mon, 25 Mar 2013 11:47:33 +0000

WHO: 10 facts on the tobacco epidemic and its control

http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/tobacco_epidemic/en/index.html

Fact 1 흡연은 폐암, 심장병 등을 일으켜 년간 전 세계 540만명 죽여

The tobacco epidemic kills 5.4 million people a year from lung cancer, heart disease and other illnesses. Unchecked, that number will increase to more than eight million a year by 2030. Tobacco use is a risk factor for six of the eight leading causes of deaths in the world.

Fact 2 담배회사의 마케팅 전략으로 개도국에서 흡연 관련 사망 급증. (개도국 청소년 및 성인, 그리고 여성을 공략)

Tragically, the epidemic is shifting towards the developing world, where 80% of tobacco-related deaths will occur within a few decades. The shift is caused by a global tobacco industry marketing strategy that targets young people and adults in developing countries. In addition, because most women currently do not use tobacco, the tobacco industry aggressively reaches out to them to tap into this potential new market.

Fact 3 흡연 관련 사망은 인간에 의해 만들어졌으며, 예방 가능.(전 세계 5%의 인구만이 흡연을 효과적으로 통제하고 있는 나라에 살고 있음)

The tobacco epidemic is man-made and entirely preventable. Yet, only 5% of the world’s population lives in a country that fully protects its population with any one of the key policy interventions that have significantly reduced tobacco use in the countries that have implemented them.

Fact 4 흡연(the tobacco epidemic)을 줄이기 위한 WHO의 6대 전략 MPOWER

M: 흡연에 대한 감시(Monitoring)와 예방(Prevention)

P: 담배연기로부터 보호(Protecting)

O: 금연을 위한 도움을 제공(Offering help)

W: 흡연의 위험에 대한 경고(Warning)

E: 담배 광고와 판촉 및 담배회사의 후원을 법률적으로 금지함(Enforcing bans)

R: 담배에 대한 세금 인상(Raising taxes)

The six most effective policies that can curb the tobacco epidemic are outlined in WHO’s MPOWER strategy:

Monitoring tobacco use and prevention
Protecting people from tobacco smoke
Offering help to quit tobacco use
Warning people about the dangers of tobacco
Enforcing bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship
Raising taxes on tobacco

Fact 5 M: 흡연에 대한 감시(Monitoring)와 예방(Prevention)

MPOWER policy 1: monitoring tobacco use and prevention
Assessment of tobacco use and its impact must be strengthened. Currently, half of the countries in the world – two out of three in the developing world – do not have even minimal data about youth and adult tobacco use.

Fact 6 P: 담배연기로부터 보호(Protecting)

MPOWER policy 2: protecting people from tobacco smoke
More than half of countries worldwide, accounting for nearly two thirds of the population of the world, allow smoking in government offices, work spaces and other indoor settings. Smoke-free policies in the workplaces of several industrialized nations have reduced total tobacco consumption among employees by an average of 29%.

Fact 7 O: 금연을 위한 도움을 제공(Offering help)

MPOWER policy 3: offering help to quit tobacco use
Among smokers who are aware of the dangers of tobacco, three out of four want to quit. Comprehensive services to treat tobacco dependence are available to only 5% of the world’s population. It is difficult for tobacco users to quit on their own and most people benefit from help and support to overcome their dependence. Countries’ health-care systems hold the primary responsibility for treating tobacco dependence.

Fact 8 W: 흡연의 위험에 대한 경고(Warning)

MPOWER policy 4: warning about the dangers of tobacco
Graphic warnings on tobacco product packaging deter tobacco use, yet only 15 countries, representing 6% of the world’s population, mandate pictorial warnings that cover at least 30% of the principal surface area.

More than 40% of the world’s population live in countries that do not prevent the use of misleading and deceptive packaging terms such as “light” and “low-tar” – none of which actually signify any reduction in health risk.

Fact 9 E: 담배 광고와 판촉 및 담배회사의 후원을 법률적으로 금지함(Enforcing bans)

MPOWER policy 5: enforcing bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship
About half of the children of the world live in countries that do not ban free distribution of tobacco products. National-level studies before and after advertising bans found a decline in tobacco consumption of up to 16% following prohibitions.

Fact 10 R: 담배에 대한 세금 인상(Raising taxes)

MPOWER policy 6: raising taxes on tobacco products
Increasing tobacco taxes by 10% generally decreases tobacco consumption by 4% in high-income countries and by about 8% in low- and middle-income countries. A 70% increase in the price of tobacco would prevent up to a quarter of all tobacco-related deaths among today’s smokers.

[TPP] 담배규제를 위해 환태평양무역협정에서 담배를 제외하라(SEATCA)

건강과대안 — Tue, 06 Mar 2012 12:59:04 +0000

동남아 담배 제어 동맹 (Southeast Asia Tobacco Control Alliance – SEATCA) 에서 오바마에게 보낸 서한입니다.

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환태평양무역협정에서 담배를 빼 달라
존경하는 대통령님,
현재 협상이 진행 중에 있는 환태평양무역협정(TPP)에 대한 우리의 우려를 전달하고자 이렇게 글을 씁니다. 우리는 단지 자유롭고 공정한 무역만으로는 충분치 않다고 믿습니다. 안전한 무역이 우선시되어야 하며, 건강 위험을 낳는 담배산업은 분명히 안전하지 않습니다.
우리는 다음과 같은 이유로 인해 TPP에서 담배를 빼 주길 호소하는 바입니다.

· 40개 이상의 국가들이 담배갑에 경고 그림을 넣고 있습니다. 그러나 이들 주권국가들이 경고 그림의 크기를 늘리려 하면 필립모리스 같은 담배회사들이 양자무역협정을 근거로 법정으로 끌고 갈 것입니다. 당신이 이끄는 미국 정부 또한 마찬가지로 담배회사의 소송에 직면해 있고, FDA는 경고 그림을 쓰지 못하게 될 것입니다. 우루과이 같이 작은 나라는 금력과 권력이 모두 강력한 다국적 기업들과의 소송에서 어떻게 하겠습니까? 우리 동남아시아에서도 담배 규제 조치를 위해 그간 애써왔습니다. 우리는 TPP에 대해서 다국적기업들이 우리 정부를 위협해 그간 해온 일을 되돌리지 않을까 굉장히 우려하고 있습니다. 담배업계는 담배 전쟁에서 이기기 위해 법적인 정체를 바꾸는 카멜레온과 같습니다. 필립모리스는 우루과이 정부에 소송을 걸 때는 스위스 회사가 되었다가, 호주 정부에 소송을 걸 때는 홍콩 회사가 됩니다. 이처럼 불투명한 TPP 무역 플랫폼을 상대로 한 국가의 정부가 공중 보건을 지키기란 불가능합니다.

· 1980년대에 미국 정부는 무역대표부를 통해 아시아 시장 개방을 강요했습니다. 그 결과 아시아에서 담배 소비량은 증가했습니다. 우리는 미국의 담배산업계가 아시아에서 했던 일이 반복되지 않기를 바랍니다. TPP 협상을 진행중인 나라 9개 중 8개 국가가 WHO의 담배규제기본협약(FCTC)에 가입해 있습니다. 담배규제기본협약 덕분에 아시아 태평양 지역은 담배 규제에 큰 진전을 이뤘습니다. 이 8개 국가들로서는 TPP에서 담배를 제외하는 것이 논리적일 것입니다. 당신의 정부가 이같은 움직임을 막지 않길 바랍니다. 다음 협상은 2012년 3월 1~9일 호주의 멜버른에서 열립니다. 우리는 이 회담에서 건강 문제가 밀려나지 않길 바라는 바입니다.
대통령님, 당신은 2009년 6월 가족흡연예방 및 담배규제법에 서명하면서 미국이 강하게 담배를 규제하고 있다는 메시지를 전 세계에 보내셨습니다. 우리는 당신이 그 입장을 TPP에도 충실히 반영하여 담배를 협정에서 제외하기를 촉구하는 바입니다.

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CARVE OUT TOBACCO FROM THE TRANS-PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT
Dear Mr. President,
We are writing to inform you about our concerns regarding the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Agreement which is currently being negotiated. We believe it is not enough to have free and fair trade, safe trade should be a primary consideration and the tobacco business whose product poses a health risk is certainly not safe.
We are appealing to you to carve out tobacco from the TPP for the following reasons:
·        Over 40 countries have pictorial health warnings on cigarette packs, but when these sovereign governments try to protect their public health by increasing the warning size tobacco companies like Philip Morris take them to court using bilateral trade agreements. Your administration is facing a lawsuit by tobacco companies, preventing the FDA from applying pictorial health warnings. What chance do small governments like Uruguay have in the face of wealthy and powerful transnational corporations? We in Southeast Asia have fought hard for our tobacco control measures. We are very concerned that through the TPP, transnational corporations can undo or threaten our governments to roll back what we have accomplished. The tobacco industry is like a chameleon changing its legal identity to suit itself in fighting tobacco control. For example in suing the Uruguay government, Philip Morris is a Swiss company. In suing the Australian government’s plain packaging laws Philip Morris is a Hong Kong company. It is impossible for a government to protect public health against this elusiveness on the trade platform like the TPP.
·        In the 1980s the US government through the Trade Representative Office pried open Asian markets which resulted in increased tobacco use in Asia. We do not want a repeat performance of the US tobacco business’ might upon Asia. Eight out of the nine countries negotiating the TPP are Parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). Through the FCTC the Asia Pacific region has made advancement in tobacco control. It seems logical for the eight countries to exclude tobacco from the TPP. We are appealing to your administration not to block this move. The next round of negotiations is taking place in Melbourne Australia 1-9 March 2012. We hope health is not sidelined at this round by your administration.
Mr. President, you sent a strong message to the world that the US has a firm stand on tobacco control when you signed the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act in June 2009. We urge you to continue to reflect that position in the TPP and exclude tobacco in this agreement.
Thank you for your kind consideration.
Sincerely yours,
Ms. Bungon Ritthiphakdee
Southeast Asia Tobacco Control Alliance – SEATCA

Director