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	<title>건강과 대안 &#187; MORBIDITY</title>
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		<title>[담배] Smoking &amp; Tobacco Use (미국 질병관리본부)</title>
		<link>http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&#038;p=3843</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 25 Mar 2013 11:59:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>건강과대안</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[노동 · 환경]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CDC]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[MORBIDITY]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mortality]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[smoking]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tobacco Use]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[금연]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[담배]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[미국 질병관리본부]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[사망률]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[흡연]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[흡연율]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Smoking &#038; Tobacco Use http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fast_facts/Fast Facts Morbidity and Mortality Tobacco use leads to disease and disability. Smoking causes cancer, heart disease, stroke, and lung diseases (including emphysema, bronchitis, [...]]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><H2><A href="http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/index.htm" jQuery16208907705141952742="9">Smoking &#038; Tobacco Use</A></H2><br />
<P><BR><A href="http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fast_facts/">http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fast_facts/</A><BR><BR>Fast Facts<BR><BR></P><br />
<H3 class=stu_section id=toll>Morbidity and Mortality</H3><br />
<H4 class=stu>Tobacco use leads to disease and disability.</H4><br />
<UL><br />
<LI>Smoking causes cancer, heart disease, stroke, and lung diseases (including emphysema, bronchitis, and chronic airway obstruction).<SUP>1</SUP><br />
<LI>For every person who dies from a smoking-related disease, 20 more people suffer with at least one serious illness from smoking.<SUP>2</SUP> </LI></UL><br />
<P><BR>&nbsp;</P><br />
<H4 class=stu>Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death.</H4><br />
<UL><br />
<LI>Worldwide, tobacco use causes more than 5 million deaths per year, and current trends show that tobacco use will cause more than 8 million deaths annually by 2030.<SUP>3</SUP><br />
<LI>In the United States, smoking is responsible for about one in five deaths annually (i.e., about 443,000 deaths per year, and an estimated 49,000 of these smoking-related deaths are the result of secondhand smoke exposure).<SUP>1</SUP><br />
<LI>On average, smokers die 13 to 14 years earlier than nonsmokers.<SUP>4</SUP> </LI></UL><br />
<H3 class=stu_section id=cost>Costs and Expenditures</H3><br />
<H4 class=stu>The cigarette industry spends billions each year on advertising and promotions.<SUP>5</SUP></H4><br />
<UL><br />
<LI>$8.05 billion total spent in 2010<br />
<LI>$22 million spent a day in 2010 </LI></UL><br />
<P><BR>&nbsp;</P><br />
<H4 class=stu>Tobacco use costs the United States billions of dollars each year.</H4><br />
<UL><br />
<LI>Cigarette smoking costs more than $193 billion (i.e., $97 billion in lost productivity plus $96 billion in health care expenditures).<SUP>1</SUP><br />
<LI>Secondhand smoke costs more than $10 billion (i.e., health care expenditures, morbidity, and mortality).<SUP>6</SUP> </LI></UL><br />
<P><BR>&nbsp;</P><br />
<H4 class=stu>State spending on tobacco control does not meet CDC-recommended levels.<SUP>7,8</SUP></H4><br />
<UL><br />
<LI>Collectively, states have billions of dollars available to them—from tobacco excise taxes and tobacco industry legal settlements—for preventing and controlling tobacco use. States currently use a very small percentage of these funds for tobacco control programs.<br />
<LI>In 2013, states will collect $25.7 billion from tobacco taxes and legal settlements, but states are spending less than 2% of the $25.7 billion on tobacco control programs.<br />
<LI>Investing only about 15% (i.e., $3.7 billion) of the $25.7 billion would fund every state tobacco control program at CDC-recommended levels.<BR><BR></LI></UL><!--<br />
	<img id="topic_img" class="center" src="/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fast_facts/images/pie_chart08.jpg" width="544" alt="Pie chart of funds available to states in 2008 ($24.4 billion), what states spent (less than 3%), what states needed to spend to reach CDC-recommended levels (15%)" height="310" /><br />
&#8211;><br />
<H3 class=stu_section id=use>Tobacco Use in the United States</H3><br />
<H4 class=stu>Percentage of U.S. adults who were current smokers in 2010:<SUP>9</SUP></H4><br />
<UL><br />
<LI>19.0% of all adults (43.8 million people)<br />
<LI>31.5% non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native<br />
<LI>27.4% non-Hispanic multiple race<br />
<LI>20.6% non-Hispanic white<br />
<LI>19.4% non-Hispanic black<br />
<LI>12.9% Hispanic<br />
<LI>9.9% non-Hispanic Asian </LI></UL><br />
<P class=psmall>NOTES:<BR>–Adult is defined as 18 years of age or older.<BR>–Current smokers are defined as persons who reported smoking at least 100 cigarettes during their lifetime and who, at the time of interview, reported smoking every day or some days.<BR>–Percentage for Asian American adults does not include Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders.</P><br />
<P><BR>&nbsp;</P><br />
<H4 class=stu>Thousands of young people begin smoking every day.<SUP>10</SUP></H4><br />
<UL><br />
<LI>Each day, more than 3,800 persons younger than 18 years of age smoke their first cigarette.<br />
<LI>Each day, about 1,000 persons younger than 18 years of age begin smoking on a daily basis. </LI></UL><br />
<P><BR>&nbsp;</P><br />
<H4 class=stu>Many adult smokers want to quit smoking.<SUP>11</SUP></H4><br />
<UL><br />
<LI>Approximately 69% of smokers want to quit completely.<br />
<LI>Approximately 52% of smokers attempted to quit in 2010. </LI></UL><br />
<P class=psmall>NOTES:<BR>–See CDC&#8217;s <A href="http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/cessation/quitting/index.htm" jQuery16208907705141952742="146">Smoking Cessation</A> fact sheet for more information.<BR>–&#8221;Attempted to quit&#8221; is defined as smokers who reported that they stopped smoking for more than 1 day in the past 12 months because they were trying to quit smoking. ﻿<br />
<H3 class=stu_section id=ref>References</H3><br />
<OL><br />
<LI class=number>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. <SPAN class=ref_title><A href="http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm" jQuery16208907705141952742="147">Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Productivity Losses—United States, 2000–2004</A></SPAN>. <SPAN class=ref_pub>Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report</SPAN> 2008;57(45):1226–8 [accessed 2012 Jun 7].<br />
<LI class=number>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. <SPAN class=ref_title><A href="http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5235a4.htm" jQuery16208907705141952742="148">Cigarette Smoking-Attributable Morbidity—United States, 2000</A></SPAN>. <SPAN class=ref_pub>Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report</SPAN> 2003;52(35):842–4 [accessed 2012 Jun 7].<br />
<LI class=number>World Health Organization. <SPAN class=ref_title><A href="http://www.who.int/tobacco/mpower/2009/en/index.html" jQuery16208907705141952742="149">WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2009</A></SPAN>. <IMG class=noborder alt="Exit Notification" src="http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/images/exit_disclaimer.png"> <SPAN class=ref_pub>Geneva: World Health Organization</SPAN>, 2008 [accessed 2012 Jun 7].<br />
<LI class=number>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. <SPAN class=ref_title><A href="http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5114a2.htm" jQuery16208907705141952742="150">Annual Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Productivity Losses—United States, 1995–1999</A></SPAN>. <SPAN class=ref_pub>Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report</SPAN> 2002;51(14):300–3 [accessed 2012 Jun 7].<br />
<LI class=number>Federal Trade Commission. <SPAN class=ref_title><A title="Link to PDF file; link to non-CDC Web site; link opens in new window" href="http://www.ftc.gov/os/2012/09/120921cigarettereport.pdf" target=_blank jQuery16208907705141952742="151">Cigarette Report for 2009 and 2010</A></SPAN>. <IMG class=noborder alt="Exit Notification" src="http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/images/exit_disclaimer.png"> <SPAN class=adobelink></SPAN>(<ACRONYM title="Portable Document Format">PDF</ACRONYM>–151.7 KB) Washington: Federal Trade Commission, 2012 [accessed 2012 December 18].<br />
<LI class=number><SPAN class=ref_author>Behan DF, Eriksen MP, Lin Y</SPAN>. <SPAN class=ref_title><A title="Link to non-CDC Web site; link opens in new window" href="http://www.soa.org/research/research-projects/life-insurance/research-economic-effect.aspx" target=_blank jQuery16208907705141952742="152">Economic Effects of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Report</A></SPAN>. <IMG class=noborder alt="Exit Notification" src="http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/images/exit_disclaimer.png"> Schaumburg, IL: Society of Actuaries; 2005 [accessed 2012 Jun 7].<br />
<LI class=number>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. <SPAN class=ref_title><A href="http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/stateandcommunity/best_practices/index.htm" jQuery16208907705141952742="153">Best Practices for Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs—2007</A></SPAN>. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2007. [accessed 2012 Jun 7].<br />
<LI class=number>Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids. <SPAN class=ref_title><A title="Link to PDF file; link to non-CDC Web site; link opens in new window" href="http://www.tobaccofreekids.org/content/what_we_do/state_local_issues/settlement/FY2013/1.%202012%20State%20Report%20-%20Full.pdf" target=_blank jQuery16208907705141952742="154">Broken Promises to Our Children: The 1998 State Tobacco Settlement Fourteen Years Later. </A></SPAN>. <IMG class=noborder alt="Exit Notification" src="http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/images/exit_disclaimer.png"> <SPAN class=adobelink>(<ACRONYM title="Portable Document Format">PDF</ACRONYM>–1.34 MB)</SPAN>. Washington: Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids, 2012 [accessed 2012 Dec 18].<br />
<LI class=number>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.<SPAN class=ref_title><A href="http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6144a2.htm?s_cid=%20mm6144a2.htm_w" jQuery16208907705141952742="155"> Current Cigarette Smoking Among Adults—United States, 2011</A></SPAN>. <SPAN class=ref_pub>Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report</SPAN> 2012;61(44):889–894 [accessed 2012 Dec 18].<br />
<LI class=number>Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration. <SPAN class=ref_title><A title="Link to non-CDC site; link opens in new window" href="http://www.samhsa.gov/data/NSDUH/2k10Results/Web/HTML/2k10Results.htm#Ch4" jQuery16208907705141952742="156">Results from the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings</A></SPAN>. <IMG class=noborder alt="Exit Notification" src="http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/images/exit_disclaimer.png"> Rockville (MD): Office of Applied Studies [accessed 2012 Jun 7].<br />
<LI class=number>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. <SPAN class=ref_title><A href="http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/mmwrs/byyear/2011/mm6044a2/intro.htm" jQuery16208907705141952742="157">Quitting Smoking Among Adults—United States, 2001–2010</A></SPAN>. <SPAN class=ref_pub>Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report</SPAN> [serial online] 2011;60(44):1513–19 [accessed 2012 Jun 7]. </LI></OL><br />
<H3 class=stu_section id=info>For Further Information</H3><br />
<P>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention<BR>National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion<BR>Office on Smoking and Health<BR>E-mail: <A href="mailto:tobaccoinfo@cdc.gov" jQuery16208907705141952742="158">tobaccoinfo@cdc.gov</A><BR>Phone: 1-800-CDC-INFO</P><br />
<P>Media Inquiries: Contact CDC&#8217;s Office on Smoking and Health press line at 770-488-5493. <BR><BR></P></p>
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		<title>[돼지독감] 레인골드 교수(UC 버클리) 강의노트</title>
		<link>http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&#038;p=1033</link>
		<comments>http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&#038;p=1033#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 18 Sep 2009 11:52:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>건강과대안</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[식품 · 의약품]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[influenza pandemic]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[MORBIDITY]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mortality]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[돼지독감]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[레인골드(Reingold) 교수]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[신종플루]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[OPTIONS FOR REDUCING MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IN AN INFLUENZA PANDEMICArthur L. Reingold, MDProfessor and Head, Division of Epidemiology Associate Dean for Research School of Public Health,University of California, [...]]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>OPTIONS FOR REDUCING MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IN AN INFLUENZA PANDEMIC<BR><BR>Arthur L. Reingold, MD<BR><BR>Professor and Head, Division of Epidemiology Associate Dean for Research School of Public Health,<BR>University of California, Berkeley<BR><BR>출처 : <A href="http://epi.berkeley.edu/Links.html">http://epi.berkeley.edu/Links.html</A><BR><A href="http://epi.berkeley.edu/Swine%20Flu%20Lecture%20Notes.pdf">http://epi.berkeley.edu/Swine%20Flu%20Lecture%20Notes.pdf</A></p>
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