Foot and Mouth Disease 2001: Lessons to Be Learned Inquiry Report

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Front Cover  Title Page Section 1 Section 2 & 3  Section 4 Section 5 Section 6 Section 7 Section 8 Section 9 Section 10 Section 11 Section 12 Section 13 Section 14 Section 15 Section16  Section 17  Section 18 Back Cover Reproduced under the terms of the Click-Use Licence.

Addition copyright material reproduced with kind permission from: Institute for Animal Health (Maps on pages 43 and 44) Mirrorpix (Picture on page 146) National Audit Office (Various, particularly tables in Section 18) Nature Publishing Group (http://www.nature.com/nature/index.html) (Chart on page 94, from (Ferguson, N.M., Donnelly, C.A. & Anderson, R.M. (2001) Transmission intensity and impact of control policies on the foot and mouth epidemic in Great Britain. Nature 413, p542-548 (J9.413.w2) The Veterinary Record, British Veterinary Association (Map on page 59, from Gibbens, J.C., Sharpe, C.E., Wilesmith, J.W., Mansley, L.M., Michalopoulou, E., Ryan, J.B.M. & Hudson, M. (2001) Descriptive epidemiology of the 2001 foot-and-mouth disease epidemic in Great Britain: the first five months. Veterinary Record 149, 729-743 (J3.149.w8))

INTRODUCTION & CONTENTS

These documents and risk assessments have been collated by the Wildlife Information Network in response to the FMD Outbreak in the UK, 2001 and we wish to thank the authors, publishers and copyright holders for making these documents available to us.

The documents represent a spectrum of information ranging from instructions issued to travellers to detailed risk assessment on the disposal of carcasses. We have also included a number of discussion documents which illustrate the diversity of opinion on the UK 2001 outbreak, and the policies on the use of different control methods, particularly culling and vaccination.

Whilst we do not accept responsibility for the content of these documents, and in some cases may not agree with some of the content, we believe that these documents, particularly when combined with information within the main Wildpro module, provide a good background to the issues and problems associated with this FMD outbreak.

• Title Page
  
• Introduction & Contents
  
• Strategy for Emergency Vaccination against Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) Report of the Scientific Committee on Animal Health and Animal Welfare (European Union)
  
• Foot-and–mouth disease in the United Kingdom: problems with the current control policy and the feasibility of alternatives (March 2001) – Dr Keith Sumption
  
• The 2001 Foot and Mouth Outbreak:  Economic Arguments against an Extended Cull (March 2001) – Professor Peter Midmore
  
• Strategic Decisions to Evaluate before Implementing a Vaccine Programme in the Face of a Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) Outbreak -Professor Joe Brownlie
  
• Strategic Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Deer (Cervidae): its implications for the policy of control of the disease in the Netherlands – Dr Paul Sutmoller

Risk Assessment and Miscellaneous Guidance Documents published by the UK Government’s Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF):

• Veterinary Risk Assessment No.1: What is the risk of causing new outbreaks of FMD by moving livestock directly from “Farm A” to “Farm B”?
  
• Veterinary Risk Assessment No.2: slaughter policy on contiguous premises
  
• Veterinary Risk Assessment No.3: Bulk Feed Delivery to Form D premises by lorry
  
• Veterinary Risk Assessment No.4: What is the risk of causing new outbreaks of FMD if footpaths are open to the public?
  
• Veterinary Risk Assessment No.5: What is the risk that Feral Deer on infected premises will cause outbreaks of FMD on other premises?
  
• Veterinary Risk Assessment No.6: What is the risk of causing new outbreaks of FMD by moving sheep directly from “Farm A” (on which animals have been exposed to the risk of infection by proximity to an infected premises, or in some other way) to an alternative place of slaughter, and from there to a further place for disposal?
  
• Veterinary Risk Assessment No.7: What is the risk of feral wild boar becoming infected with FMD and subsequently causing new incidents of FMD in domestic livestock?
  
• Veterinary Risk Assessment No.8: What is the risk of causing new outbreaks of fmd if animals are slaughtered and their meat and waste products are distributed through the normal channels?
  
• Veterinary Risk Assessment No.9: What is the risk of causing new outbreaks of FMD if deer parks are open to the public?
  
• Veterinary Risk Assessment (no number specified): What is the risk of migratory geese spreading foot and mouth disease virus?
  
• Veterinary Risk Assessment No.13: What is the risk of causing new outbreaks of FMD by moving hay and straw onto a farm?
  
• Veterinary Risk Assessment No.18: What is the risk of causing new outbreaks of fmd through collection and transport of bull semen and artificial insemination of cows?
  
• MAFF: Biosecurity – advice for cattle and sheep farmers
  
• MAFF: “Code of practice for hauliers and buyers of milk” and “Manufacturers of air filters or filter systems approved for use on milk tankers operating in a Foot and Mouth Disease infected area”
  
• MAFF: Advice and precautions for zoos, wildlife parks etc
  
• MAFF: Approach to Vaccination of Animals in Zoos
  
• MAFF: Restocking Form A premises: A farmers guide
  
• MAFF: List of susceptible species commonly kept in zoos
  
• MAFF: Guidance on the Storage, Handling and Movement of Animal Manures and Slurries
  
• MAFF: Silage and hay-making, and grassland management, during Foot and Mouth disease restrictions: guidance for farmers
  
• MAFF: Measures to Allow Movement of Big Bale Silage within a Protection Zone
  
• MAFF: Adjusting the pH as a means of disinfection against Foot and Mouth Virus

Guidance Documents published by the UK Government’s Environment Agency:

• Environment Agency: Guidance on ash disposal arising from Pyres and mobile incinerators
  
• Environment Agency: Licensed Landfill Sites that are Suitable for the Disposal of Carcasses
  
• Environment Agency: advice on the use and disposal of disinfectants
  
• Environment Agency: advice on disposal of manure, slurry and dirty water
  
• Environment Agency: Visiting the countryside – how you can help
  
• Environment Agency: Risks From BSE Via Environmental Pathways

International Guidance for Travellers and Visitors:

• USDA: Foot and Mouth Disease Prevention Information For Passengers Traveling To The United States From FMD Infected Regions of the World
  
• CFIA: Foot and Mouth Disease – Information for Travellers
  
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  AFFA: Advice to travellers from foot and mouth disease countries