Mad cow disease blood test a step closer

Number of cases of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) reported in the United Kingdom ⁽¹⁾

(1) Cases are shown by year of restriction.

(2) In the isle of Man BSE is confirmed on the basis of a laboratory examination of tissues for the first case on a farm and thereafter by clinical signs only. However, all cases in animals born after the introduction of the feed ban have been subjected to histopathological/scrapie-associated fibrils analysis. To date, a total of 277 animals have been confirmed on clinical grounds only.

(3) In Guernsey BSE is generally confirmed on the basis of clinical signs only. To date, a total of 600 animals have been confirmed without laboratory examination.

(4) Cases prior to BSE being made notifiable are shown by year of report, apart from cases in Great Britain which are shown by year of clinical onset of disease.

(5) Data as of 6 July 2012

http://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/bse-specific-data/number-of-cases-in-the-united-kingdom/

Number of reported cases of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)
in farmed cattle worldwide*(excluding the United Kingdom)

Country/Year	89	90	91	92	93	94	95	96	97	98	99	00	01	02	03	04	05	06	07	08	09	10	11	12
Austria	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	2	2	1	0	0	2	0
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	6	3	9	46	38	15	11	2	2	0	0	0	0	0
Canada	0	0	0	0	1b	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2a	1	1	5	3	4	1	1	1
Czech Republic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	2	4	7	8	3	2	0	2	0	0
Denmark	0	0	0	1b	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	6	3	2	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	0
Finland	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
France	0	0	5	0	1	4	3	12	6	18	31a	162d	274e	239f	137g	54h	31	8	9	8	10	5	3
Germany	0	0	0	1b	0	3b	0	0	2b	0	0	7	125	106	54	65	32	16	4	2	2	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ireland	15a	14a	17a	18a	16	19a	16a	73	80	83	91	149d	246e	333f	183g	126h	69i	41j	25k	23l	9	2	3	1c
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	2b	0	0	0	0	0	0	48	38a	29	7	8	7	2	1	2	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3e	2	4g	5	7	10	3	1	1	0	0
Liechtenstein	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Luxembourg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0c
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	2	2	2	20	24	19	6	3	2	2	1	0	2	1m
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4f	5	11	19	10	9	5	4	2	1	2c
Portugal	0	1b	1b	1b	3b	12	15	31	30	127	159	149a	110	86	133	92a	46	33	14	18	8	6	5
Slovakia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	6	2	7	3	0	1	0	0	1	0
Slovenia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	2a	1	1	1	0	0	0	0
Spain	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	82	127	167	137	98	68	36	25	18	13	6
Sweden	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	2	8	15	29	64	68	45	38	14	50	33d	42	24	21g	3	3i	5	0	0	0	0	2m	1c
U.K.	see particular table
U.S.A.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1c

* Cases are shown by year of confirmation.
… Not available

a

Canada: 1 case diagnosed in Canada in May 2003 + 1 case diagnosed in the United States of America in December 2003 and confirmed as having been imported from Canada. Finland: date of confirmation of the case: 7 December 2001. France: includes 1 imported case (confirmed on 13 August 1999). Ireland: includes imported cases: 5 in 1989, 1 in 1990, 2 in 1991 and 1992, 1 in 1994 and 1995. Italy: includes 2 imported cases. Liechtenstein : date of the last confirmation of a case: 30 September 1998. Portugal: includes 1 imported case. Slovenia: includes 1 imported case.

b

Imported case(s).

c

Ireland - Data as of 31 May 2012. Luxembourg - Data as of 30 June 2012. Poland - Includes 1 atypical BSE case (L-type). Data as of 21 June 2012. Switzerland - Atypical imported BSE case. Data as of 12 March 2012. United States of America - Atypical BSE case. Data as of 26 April 2012.

d

France year 2000 – Clinical cases = 102. Cases detected within the framework of the research programme launched on 8 June 2000 = 60. Ireland year 2000 – Clinical cases = 138. Cases identified by active surveillance of at risk cattle populations = 7. Cases identified by examination of depopulated BSE positive herds, birth cohorts and progeny animals = 4. Switzerland year 2000 – Clinical cases = 17. Cases detected within the framework of the investigation programme = 16.

e	France year 2001 – Clinical cases = 91. Cases detected at rendering (bovines at risk) = 100 (out of 139,500 bovines tested). Cases detected as result of routine screening at the abattoir = 83 (out of 2,373,000 bovines tested). Ireland year 2001 – Clinical cases = 123. Cases identified by systematic active surveillance of all adult bovines = 119. Cases identified by examination of depopulated BSE positive herds, birth cohorts and progeny animals = 4. Japan year 2001 – Clinical cases = 1. Cases detected as result of screening at the abattoir = 2.
f	France year 2002 – Clinical cases = 41. Cases detected at rendering (bovines at risk) = 124 (out of 274,143 bovines tested). Cases detected as result of systematic screening at the abattoir = 74 (out of 2,915,103 bovines tested). The active BSE surveillance programmes implemented in France in 2002 led to routine examination of cattle aged over 24 months, which were slaughtered for consumption purposes, were euthanised or died due to other reasons. Ireland year 2002 – Clinical cases = 108. Cases detected by the active surveillance programme = 221. Cases identified by examination of depopulated BSE positive herds, birth cohorts and progeny animals = 4. Poland year 2002 – Clinical cases = 1. Cases detected as result of routine screening at the abattoir (cattle over 30 months) = 3.
g	France year 2003 – Clinical cases = 13. Cases detected at rendering (bovines at risk) = 87. Cases detected as result of systematic screening at the abattoir = 37. Japan year 2003 – The 9th case was a bullock aged 21 months. Ireland year 2003 – Clinical cases = 41. Cases detected by the active surveillance programme = 140. Switzerland year 2003 – Clinical cases: 8. Cases detected within the framework of the official surveillance programme: 11. Cases detected through voluntary testing following routine slaughter: 2.
h	France year 2004 – Clinical cases = 8. Cases detected at rendering (bovines at risk) = 29. Cases detected as result of systematic screening at the abattoir = 17. Ireland year 2004 - Clinical cases = 31. Cases detected by the active surveillance programme = 94. Cases identified by examination of depopulated BSE positive herds, birth cohorts and progeny animals = 1.
i	Ireland year 2005 - Cases detected by the passive surveillance programme = 13. Cases detected by the active surveillance programme = 56. Switzerland year 2005 – Cases detected by the passive surveillance programme = 1. Cases detected within the framework of the official surveillance programme: 1. Cases detected through voluntary testing following routine slaughter = 1.
j	Ireland year 2006 – Cases detected by the passive surveillance programme = 5. Cases detected by the active surveillance programme = 36.
k	Ireland year 2007 – Cases detected by the passive surveillance programme = 5. Cases detected by the active surveillance programme = 20.
l	Ireland year 2008 – Cases detected by the passive surveillance programme = 3. Cases detected by the active surveillance programme = 20.
m	Netherlands - Atypical BSE case (L-type) Switzerland - Atypical BSE cases. http://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/bse-specific-data/number-of-reported-cases-worldwide-excluding-the-united-kingdom/ VARIANT CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE CURRENT DATA (JULY 2012) COUNTRY TOTAL NUMBER OF PRIMARY CASES  (NUMBER ALIVE) TOTAL NUMBER OF SECONDARY CASES: BLOOD TRANSFUSION  (NUMBER ALIVE) CUMULATIVE RESIDENCE IN UK > 6 MONTHS DURING PERIOD 1980-1996 UK 173 (0) 3 (0) 176 France 27 (2) - 1 Republic of Ireland 4 (0) - 2 Italy 2 (0) - 0 USA 3† (0) - 2 Canada 2 (0) - 1 Saudi Arabia 1 (0) - 0 Japan 1* (0) - 0 Netherlands 3 (0) - 0 Portugal 2 (0) - 0 Spain 5 (0) - 0 Taiwan 1 (0) - 1 † the third US patient with vCJD was born and raised in Saudi Arabia and has lived permanently in the United States since late 2005.  According to the US case-report, the patient was most likely infected as a child when living in Saudi Arabia. *the case from Japan had resided in the UK for 24 days in the period 1980-1996. http://www.cjd.ed.ac.uk/vcjdworld.htm CJD Figures These figures show the number of suspect cases referred to the NCJDRSU in Edinburgh, and the number of deaths of definite and probable cases in the UK, from 1 January 1990 up to 2nd July 2012 http://www.cjd.ed.ac.uk/figures.htm REFERRALS OF SUSPECT CJD DEATHS OF DEFINITE AND PROBABLE CJD Year Referrals Year Sporadic Iatrogenic Familial GSS vCJD Total Deaths 1990 [53] 1990 28 5 0 0 - 33 1991 75 1991 32 1 3 0 - 36 1992 96 1992 45 2 5 1 - 53 1993 79 1993 36 4 5 2 - 47 1994 119 1994 54 1 5 3 - 63 1995 87 1995 35 4 2 3 3 47 1996 133 1996 40 4 2 4 10 60 1997 163 1997 60 6 4 2 10 82 1998 155 1998 64 3 3 2 18 90 1999 170 1999 62 6 2 0 15 85 2000 178 2000 50 1 2 1 28 82 2001 179 2001 58 4 4 2 20 88 2002 163 2002 72 0 4 1 17 94 2003 162 2003 79 5 4 2 18 108 2004 114 2004 50 2 4 2 9 67 2005 124 2005 67 4 8 5 5 89 2006 112 2006 69 1 6 3 5 84 2007 119 2007 64 2 9 1 5 81 2008 150 2008 88 5 2 3 2 100 2009 153 2009 79 2 3 5 3 92 2010 150 2010 85 3 6 1 3 98 2011 153 2011 90 3 11 2 5 111 2012* 50 2012 32 0 2 0 0 34 Total Referrals 2937 Total Deaths 1339 68 96 45 176 1724 *As at 2nd July 2012 Summary of vCJD cases Deaths Deaths from definite vCJD (confirmed): Deaths from probable vCJD (without neuropathological confirmation): Deaths from probable vCJD (neuropathological confirmation pending): Number of deaths from definite or probable vCJD:   122 54 0 176 Alive Number of definite/probable vCJD cases still alive:   0 Total number of definite or probable vCJD cases (dead and alive): 176