ECDC risk assessment on novel influenza A virus in China

03 Apr 2013 http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/press/news/Lists/News/ECDC_DispForm.aspx?List=32e43ee8%2De230%2D4424%2Da783%2D85742124029a&ID=876&RootFolder=%2Fen%2Fpress%2Fnews%2FLists%2FNews 파일 : http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/AH7N9-China-rapid-risk-assessment.pdf

ECDC On 31 March 2013, the Chinese authorities announced the identification of a novel influenza A virus, A(H7H9), in three seriously ill people from two provinces presenting with respiratory infections. So far, no epidemiological link has been identified between those three patients. When testing for the influenza virus, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention identified genes from both A(H7N9) and A(H9N2) viruses, thus indicating a novel reassortant avian influenza A virus. In its initial assessment of the situation, the ECDC rapid risk assessment concludes that the risk of the spread of the virus in Europe can be considered low at this stage. However, individual patients coming from China cannot be ruled out. It is thus important to further investigate the source of infection and the mode of transmission to develop ECDC’s assessment further. This event stresses the importance of considering the possibility of zoonotic influenza due to novel influenza A viruses in persons presenting with severe acute respiratory disease. Especially when patients have recently been in countries where animal influenza A viruses circulate and these viruses have recently caused severe respiratory disease in humans. This includes China. ECDC is working closely with WHO and the European Commission and will continue to monitor the situation.  ECDC Rapid Risk Assessment Severe respiratory disease associated with a novel influenza A virus, A(H7N9) China, 2 April 2013 Related links: Weekly influenza surveillance overview, week 11/2013 Risk assessment: Seasonal influenza 2012/13 in Europe (EU/EEA countries) View influenza surveillance maps Learn more about influenza on ECDC website Influenza;Avian Influenza;Influenza; =====================

Pathogenesis and transmissibility of highly (H7N1) and low (H7N9) pathogenic avian influenza virus infection in red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa).

(서울=연합뉴스) 김길원 기자 = 대한감염학회(이사장 송재훈)는 4일 중국에서 발생한 신종 조류 인플루엔자(H7N9)의 사람간 전파 확률이 매우 낮고 대유행으로 진행할 가능성도 적어 보이는 만큼 불필요하게 불안해할 필요는 없다고 밝혔다.

학회는 보도자료를 내고 “인플루엔자 대유행이 되려면 병독성이 강한 새로운 바이러스가 출현하고 사람간 전파가 쉬워야 하지만 중국 내 H7N9 감염환자와 접촉한 88명에 대한 역학조사 및 검사결과 모두 음성으로 확인됐다”며 이같이 말했다.

학회는 다만 “이번 신종 조류 인플루엔자의 감염원과 전파경로, 바이러스의 병독성 등이 아직 밝혀지지 않았고 현재 역학조사가 진행 중이므로 그 결과를 주시할 필요가 있다”고 덧붙였다.

실제 안후이성의 45세 여성 환자는 가금류 도살장에서 일한 게 확인됐지만, 상하이시의 사망환자 2명은 부자간으로 감염원과 전파경로가 아직 명확하지 않다.

고려대학교 구로병원 감염내과 송준영 교수는 “우리나라 관광객이 많은 안후이성과 상하이는 당분간 여행을 자제하고 가금류와는 접촉하지 않는 게 바람직하다”며 “개인 차원에서는 손씻기, 양치질, 기침 에티켓 준수 등 일상생활에서의 주의사항을 꼭 실천해야 한다”고 권고했다.

bio@yna.co.kr

세계보건기구(WHO)가 2010년 6월 3일 신종플루 대유행(pandemic) 경보 상태를 유지하기로 했다는 로이터통신발 뉴스입니다.

마거릿 찬 사무총장의 이와 같은 발표는 지난 6월 1일 전문가 15인으로 구성된 비상위원회(위원장 존 맥켄지 교수, 호주출신) 회의에서 현재 신종플루가 쇠퇴하고 있음에도 불구하고, 앞으로 몇 주 동안 남반구 독감 유행시기를 경과하는 동안 신종플루 감염 사례가 지속적으로 나타날 것으로 예상된다는 권고안을 채택한 것을 근거로 하고 있다고 합니다.

WHO는 7월 중순경 신종플루 경보 상태를  대유행 이후(post-pandemic) 단계로 재조정할 지에 대한 여부를 다시 결정할 예정이라고 합니다.

WHO says H1N1 flu pandemic continues

By Jonathan Lynn Jonathan Lynn – Thu Jun 3, 6:58 am ET
http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20100603/hl_nm/us_flu_who_1

신종플루 임산부 사망 43일만에 역학조사

연합뉴스 | 입력 2010.03.05 19:05 |

병원.보건소 책임 전가..보건관리 구멍 `숭숭’

(광주=연합뉴스) 손상원 기자 = 신종플루 확진 판정을 받은 중국동포 임산부의 사망과 관련한 역학조사가 보건당국의 안일한 행정으로 사망 40여일 만에 개시됐다.

더욱이 신종플루로 인해 임산부와 태아가 동시에 숨진 첫 사례가 될 수 있는 중대한 사안을 두고도 보건당국은 책임 떠넘기기에만 급급해 질병관리의 심각한 허점을 드러냈다.

전남도는 5일 중국동포 임산부인 김모(사망 당시 31세.임신 8개월)씨의 정확한 사인을 가리려고 병원진료기록을 확인하는 등 역학조사에 나섰다.

광주 전남대병원에서 신종플루 확진 판정을 받은 김씨가 지난 1월 21일 숨진 지 43일 만이다.

이처럼 역학조사가 지체된 과정은 모든 보건.의료기관이 촉각을 곤두세웠던 신종플루 대유행 당시와 비교해 너무도 안일하다.

병원은 기관 소재지 관할인 광주 동구 보건소에 사망사실에 대한 서류보고를 빠뜨렸으며 김씨의 실제 거주지인 전남 광양시 보건소는 이날까지 김씨와 관련해 어떤 내용도 알지 못했다.

심지어 김씨의 주소지인 순천시 보건소는 남편을 통해 김씨의 사망 사실을 알고서도 “의료기관 소재지 관할인 광주 동구 보건소에서 해야 한다”고 역학조사를 하지 않았다.

광주 동구도 “주소지 관할 보건소에서 해야 한다”며 공을 떠넘겼다.

전남도에 따르면 신종플루 발병 사실은 의료기관 소재지, 역학조사는 거주지 보건소에서 우선적으로 하게 돼 있다.

이 같은 원칙과 책임소재를 따지지 않더라도 임산부와 태아의 사망을 두고도 책임 떠넘기기에 급급한 병원, 보건소의 행태는 신종플루 확산세와 함께 느슨해진 보건관리 체계를 단적으로 보여줬다는 지적이 나오고 있다.

전남도 관계자는 “김씨의 사망이 신종플루와 인과관계가 있는지 조사하고 그동안 대응과정에서 직무를 태만하는 등 안일한 부분이 있었는지, 경위를 철저히 파악하겠다”고 말했다.

이날은 공교롭게도 보건복지가족부 중앙인플루엔자 대책본부가 오는 8일부터 신종플루 위기단계를 `주의’ 단계로 하향 조정키로 했다고 밝힌 날이었다.

sangwon700@yna.co.kr

(끝)

스위스 정부의 보건당국이 심각한 자가면역질환(autoimmune diseases)을 앓고 있는 환자들에게 노바티스사의 신종플루 예방주사약을 사용하지 말 것을 권고했다는 로이터통신발 뉴스입니다.

면역반응을 높이기 위해 백신에 들어가는 면역증강제(adjuvant)나 인플루엔자 바이러스 항원(antigen) 또는 활동성이 보다 적은 성분( ingredient)들 중 하나 혹은 전부가 자가면역질환을 더 악화시키는 방향으로 유도할 수 있다고 합니다.

류마티스 관절염 같은 자가면역 질환은 지나치게 활성화된 능동적 면역계가 정상적으로 존재하는 물질을 목표로 삼는 것처럼 자기 자신의 신체를 공격함으로써 발생하는 것으로 알려져 있습니다.

스위스 보건당국의 이러한 권고에 대해 노바티스사는 현재까지 아무런 의견을 표명하지 않았다고 합니다.

============================================

Swiss warn on flu vaccine with autoimmune disease
 
출처 : 로이터통신(Reuters) Wed Jan 20, 10:44 am ET

ZURICH (Reuters) – Switzerland’s medical regulator recommended patients with serious autoimmune diseases should not use an H1N1 flu vaccine from Novartis, saying there were no studies assessing the innoculation in that population.

Swissmedic said on Wednesday it could not be ruled out that either or both of the adjuvant — which can enhance the immune response — and the antigen, or less active ingredient, could lead to an intensifying of autoimmune diseases.

Autoimmune diseases, like rheumatoid arthritis, are caused by an overly active immune system attacking its own body, targeting substances which are normally present.

Novartis was not immediately available to comment.

(Reporting by Sam Cage)

인플루엔자 대유행 시 단기간의 학교 폐쇄(휴업)은 오히려 독감의 전염을 더 악화시킬 뿐이라는 피츠버그대학팀의 연구결과에 대한 소개 글입니다.

인플루엔자 전염을 막기 위해서는 최소한 8주간의 학교 폐쇄(휴업)를 지속하는 것이 필요하다고 합니다. 그리고 감염 학생의 자발적 결석을 실시하는 것과 단체로 학교를 휴업하는 것 사이의 효과는 큰 차이가 없었다고 합니다.

=============================================

Flu Pandemics May Be Worsened By Short-Term School Closures, Pitt Study Finds

출처 : medical news today 04 Jan 2010 – 1:00 PST
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/174957.php

Closing schools for less than two weeks during a flu pandemic may increase infection rates and prolong an epidemic, say University of Pittsburgh researchers in a study published ahead-of-print and online in the Journal of Public Health Management and Practice. The findings, developed from a series of computer simulations based on U.S. census data, indicate that schools may need to be closed for at least eight weeks in order to significantly decrease the spread of infection.

The value of school closures has been debated as a possible strategy to stem or slow the current H1N1 influenza pandemic. Indeed, hundreds of schools across the country have been closed at different periods during 2009 for fear the virus would spread more quickly if they stayed open.

“Although closing schools may seem like a reasonable way to slow the spread of flu, we found that it was not effective unless sustained for at least eight weeks after implementation,” said study lead author, Bruce Lee, M.D., M.B.A., assistant professor or medicine, epidemiology and biomedical informatics, University of Pittsburgh. Closing schools quickly at the start of an outbreak was much less important than keeping them closed continually throughout the epidemic, he added.

According to study authors, short-duration school closures can increase transmission rates by returning susceptible students back to school in the middle of an epidemic when they are most vulnerable to infection.

The study also found that identifying sick students individually and keeping them from attending school had minimal impact on an epidemic. In addition, there were no significant differences between individual school closures and system-wide closures in mitigating an epidemic.

The study was based on an agent-based computer simulation model of Allegheny County, Pa., that represented the county’s population, school systems, workplaces, households and communities. Simulations were based on the movement of residents each weekday from their households to designated workplaces or schools, and included 1.2 million people – 200,000 of whom were school-aged children. The study also included more than 500,000 households and nearly 300 schools.

Co-authors of the study include Shawn T. Brown, Ph.D., Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center; Philip Cooley, M.S., William Wheaton, M.A., and Diane Wagener, Ph.D., RTI International; Ronald Voorhees, M.D., M.P.H., Allegheny County Health Department; and Maggie Potter, J.D., Samuel Stebbins, M.D., M. P.H., John Grefenstette, Ph.D., Shanta Zimmer, M.D., Richard Zimmerman, M.D., M.P.H., Tina-Marie Assi, M.P.H., Rachel Bailey, M.P.H., and Donald S. Burke, M.D., University of Pittsburgh.

The study is part of the University of Pittsburgh Models of Infectious Disease Agents Study (MIDAS) funded by the National Institutes of Health.

Source: Clare Collins
University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences

2009년 12월 30일자 WHO의 2009 H1N1 인플루엔자 대유행(신종플루) 업데이트 81의 원문입니다.

전세계적으로 최소한 12220명이 2009 H1N1 인플루엔자로 사망했다고 집계하고 있습니다. 

WHO의 마가렛 찬 사무총장은 아직도  2009 H1N1 인플루엔자 대유행 상태라면서 신종 플루 대유행이 끝나가고 있다는 판단은 아직 이르다고
강조하고 있습니다.

마가렛 찬 사무총장은 세계가 신종 돼지독감(돼지 인플루엔자)보다 더 독성이 강하고 치명적인 H5N1 조류독감 바이러스에 유발되는 대유행을 피할 수 있기를 바라고 있다고 밝히고 있습니다.

그러나 WHO가 돼지독감 바이러스의 실제 위험성을 지나치게 과장하여 너무나 성급하게 대유행을 선언함으로써 암묵적으로 로슈나 GSK 같은 다국적 거대제약회사의 경제적 이윤을 극대화시켰으며, 에이즈(HIV), 결핵, 말라리아 등의 긴급하게 대처해야 할 질병들에 투입되었으면 더 좋았을 엄청난 자원(인력, 장비, 의약품 등)을 돼지독감 대유행에 허비했다는 비난으로부터 자유롭기는 힘들 것으로 판단됩니다.

================================================= 

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 – update 81

Weekly update

출처 : WHO, 30 December 2009 
http://www.who.int/csr/don/2009_12_30/en/index.html

As of 27 December 2009, worldwide more than 208 countries and overseas territories or communities have reported laboratory confirmed cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009, including at least 12220 deaths.

WHO is actively monitoring the progress of the pandemic through frequent consultations with the WHO Regional Offices and member states and through monitoring of multiple sources of data.

Situation update:

The most active areas of pandemic influenza transmission currently are in central and eastern Europe. Focal increases in rates of ILI/ARI during recent weeks were reported in at least three eastern European countries, Georgia, Montenegro, and Ukraine. A high intensity of respiratory diseases activity with concurrent circulation of pandemic influenza persists in parts of southern and eastern Europe, particularly in Greece, Poland, Bulgaria, Serbia, Ukraine, and the Urals Region of the Russian Federation. In Western Europe, influenza transmission remains active and widespread, but overall disease activity has peaked. At least 13 of 21 countries (testing more than 20 sentinel samples) reported that 30% or more of sentinel specimens were positive for influenza, down from a peak of over 70%. All were influenza viruses detected in Western Europe were pandemic H1N1 2009, however, very small numbers of seasonal influenza viruses, making up less than 1% of all influenza viruses detected, were reported in Russia. In addition, limited available data indicates that active, high intensity transmission is occurring in Northern African countries along the Mediterranean coast (Algeria, Tunisia, and Egypt).

In Central Asia, limited data suggest that influenza virus circulation remains active, but transmission may have recently peaked in some places. In West Asia, Israel, Iran, Iraq, Oman, and Afghanistan also appear to have passed their peak period of transmission within the past month, though both areas continue to have some active transmission and levels of respiratory disease activity have not yet returned to baseline levels.

In East Asia, influenza transmission remains active but appears to be declining overall. Influenza/ILI activity continued to decline in Japan, in northern and southern China, Chinese Taipei, and Hong Kong SAR (China). Slight increases in ILI were reported in Mongolia after weeks of declining activity following a large peak of activity over one month ago. In southern Asia, influenza activity continues to be intense, particularly in northern India, Nepal, and, Sri Lanka. Seasonal influenza A (H3N2) viruses are still being detected in very small numbers in China making up about 2.5% of the influenza A viruses detected there.

In North America, influenza transmission remains widespread but has declined substantially in all countries. In the US, sentinel outpatient ILI activity has returned to the seasonal baseline, and indicators of severity, including hospitalizations, paediatric mortality, and P&I mortality have declined substantially since peaking during late October. Rates of hospitalization among cases aged 5-17 years and 18-49 year far exceeded rates observed during recent influenza seasons, while rates of hospitalizations among cases aged >65 years were far lower than those observed during recent influenza seasons.

In the tropical regions of Central and South America and the Caribbean, influenza transmission remains geographically widespread but overall disease activity has been declining or remains unchanged in most parts, except for focal increases in respiratory disease activity in a few countries.

In the temperate regions of the southern hemisphere, sporadic cases of pandemic influenza continued to be reported without evidence of sustained community transmission.

The Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN) continues monitoring the global circulation of influenza viruses, including pandemic, seasonal and other influenza viruses infecting, or with the potential to infect, humans including seasonal influenza. For more information on virological surveillance and antiviral resistance please see the weekly virology update (Virological surveillance data, below).

Weekly update (Virological surveillance data)

*Countries in temperate regions are defined as those north of the Tropic of Cancer or south of the Tropic of Capricorn, while countries in tropical regions are defined as those between these two latitudes.

**Abbreviations: influenza-like-illness (ILI), acute respiratory infection (ARI), and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI)

Qualitative indicators (Week 29 to Week 51: 13 July – 20 December 2009)

The qualitative indicators monitor: the global geographic spread of influenza, trends in acute respiratory diseases, the intensity of respiratory disease activity, and the impact of the pandemic on health-care services.

Human infection with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus: updated interim WHO guidance on global surveillance
A description of WHO pandemic monitoring and surveillance objectives and methods can be found in the updated interim WHO guidance for the surveillance of human infection with pandemic (H1N1) virus.

The maps below display information on the qualitative indicators reported. Information is available for approximately 60 countries each week. Implementation of this monitoring system is ongoing and completeness of reporting is expected to increase over time.

List of definitions of qualitative indicators

Geographic spread of influenza activity

Map timeline

Trend of respiratory diseases activity compared to the previous week

Map timeline

Intensity of acute respiratory diseases in the population

Map timeline

Impact on health care services

Map timeline

Laboratory-confirmed cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 as officially reported to WHO by States Parties to the IHR (2005) as of 20 December 2009

Map of affected countries and deaths

The countries and overseas territories/communities that have newly reported their first pandemic (H1N1) 2009 confirmed cases since the last web update (No. 80): None.

The countries and overseas territories/communities that have newly reported their first deaths among pandemic (H1N1) 2009 confirmed cases since the last web update (No. 80): Nepal and Armenia.

Region	Deaths*
WHO Regional Office for Africa (AFRO)	130
WHO Regional Office for the Americas (AMRO)	At least 6670
WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO)	693
WHO Regional Office for Europe (EURO)	At least 2422
WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia (SEARO)	1056
WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific (WPRO)	1249
Total*	At least 12220

* The reported number of fatal cases is an under representation of the actual numbers as many deaths are never tested or recognized as influenza related.

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 – update 80

Weekly update

23 December 2009 — As of 20 December 2009, worldwide more than 208 countries and overseas territories or communities have reported laboratory confirmed cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 2009, including at least 11516 deaths.

WHO is actively monitoring the progress of the pandemic through frequent consultations with the WHO Regional Offices and member states and through monitoring of multiple sources of data.

Situation update:

In the temperate zone* of the northern hemisphere, transmission of pandemic influenza virus remains active and geographically widespread, however overall disease activity has recently peaked in much of the hemisphere. There continues to be increases in influenza activity in later affected areas of central and eastern Europe, and in parts of west, central, and south Asia.

In United States and Canada, influenza activity continues to be geographically widespread but overall levels of ILI** have declined substantially to near the national baseline level in the US and below the seasonal baseline in Canada. Although numbers of hospitalizations and death in US have declined steadily since their peak over 6 weeks ago, the proportional mortality due to pneumonia and influenza (P&I mortality) remains elevated above the epidemic threshold for the 11th consecutive week. In Canada, rates of ILI, numbers of outbreaks, and proportions of samples testing positive for influenza have declined substantially since peaking six weeks ago. Approximately 53% of hospitalized cases in Canada had an underlying medical condition; cases with underlying medical conditions tended to be older (compared to those without), and were at increased risk of hospitalization and death. Also from Canada, a smaller proportion of hospitalized cases during the winter transmission season compared with those hospitalized cases during the summer transmission season, were persons of aboriginal origin (3.9% vs. 20.3%).

In Europe, geographically widespread and active transmission of pandemic influenza virus continued to be observed throughout the continent, however, overall pandemic influenza activity appears to have recently peaked across a majority of countries. At least ten countries reported that 30% or more of their sentinel respiratory specimens had tested positive for influenza. Greater than 98% of subtyped influenza A viruses detected in Europe were pandemic H1N1 2009, however, seasonal influenza viruses (H1N1, H3N2, and type B) continue to be detected at low levels. Of note, a few countries are experiencing increasing disease activity and have yet to peak (Hungary and Montenegro ), while several others are experiencing a resurgence in activity (Serbia, Ukraine, Georgia, and Turkey). Rates of ILI have returned to near seasonal baselines in the earlier affected areas of western Europe (Belgium, the Netherlands, Ireland, and Iceland) and a substantial decline in activity has been observed in much of northern Europe over the past month. In central and southern Europe, where influenza virus transmission has been most active recently, disease activity in most places has either plateaued (Albania, Czech Republic, Estonia) or begun to decline (Austria, Germany, Poland, Latvia, Croatia, Slovakia, and Greece). Further east, influenza activity appears to be variable, with the Russian Federation reporting a steady decline in rates of ARI after a recent peak three weeks ago; while several other countries are reporting increases in rates of ILI/ARI (Ukraine and Georgia). In Europe, the highest rates of ILI have been recorded among children 0-4 years of age (in 15 countries) and among older children 5-14 years of age (in 18 countries). Detections of RSV in Europe continued to increase over the past six weeks, partially accounting for elevated ILI activity among young children in some countries.

In Western and Central Asia, limited data suggest that influenza virus circulation remains active throughout the region, however disease trends remain variable. Increasing respiratory diseases activity continued to be reported in Kazakhstan and in Egypt; while several others countries, Israel and Oman, have been reporting declining trends of respiratory diseases activity after recording a peak of activity approximately one month ago.

In East Asia, the situation remains similar to last week; influenza transmission remains active but appears to be declining overall. Influenza/ILI activity has recently peaked and continues to decline in Japan, in northern and southern China, Chinese Taipei and in Mongolia. In southern Asia, influenza activity continues to increase in the northern India, Nepal, and, Sri Lanka.

In the tropical region of Central and South America and the Caribbean, influenza transmission remains geographically widespread but overall disease activity has been declining or remains unchanged in most parts, except for in Barbados and Ecuador, were recent increases in respiratory diseases activity have been reported.

In the temperate region of the southern hemisphere, sporadic cases of pandemic influenza continued to be reported without evidence of sustained community transmission.

The Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN) continues monitoring the global circulation of influenza viruses, including pandemic, seasonal and other influenza viruses infecting, or with the potential to infect, humans including seasonal influenza. For more information on virological surveillance and antiviral resistance please see the weekly virology update (Virological surveillance data, below).

*Countries in temperate regions are defined as those north of the Tropic of Cancer or south of the Tropic of Capricorn, while countries in tropical regions are defined as those between these two latitudes.

**Abbreviations: influenza-like-illness (ILI), acute respiratory infection (ARI), and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI)

Qualitative indicators (Week 29 to Week 50: 13 July – 13 December 2009)

The qualitative indicators monitor: the global geographic spread of influenza, trends in acute respiratory diseases, the intensity of respiratory disease activity, and the impact of the pandemic on health-care services.

The maps below display information on the qualitative indicators reported. Information is available for approximately 60 countries each week. Implementation of this monitoring system is ongoing and completeness of reporting is expected to increase over time.

Geographic spread of influenza activity

Trend of respiratory diseases activity compared to the previous week

Intensity of acute respiratory diseases in the population

Impact on health care services

Laboratory-confirmed cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 as officially reported to WHO by States Parties to the IHR (2005) as of 20 December 2009

The countries and overseas territories/communities that have newly reported their first pandemic (H1N1) 2009 confirmed cases since the last web update (No.79): none.

The countries and overseas territories/communities that have newly reported their first deaths among pandemic (H1N1) 2009 confirmed cases since the last web update (No 79): Georgia and Albania.

Region	Deaths*
WHO Regional Office for Africa (AFRO)	109
WHO Regional Office for the Americas (AMRO)	At least 6670
WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO)	663
WHO Regional Office for Europe (EURO)	At least 2045
WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia (SEARO)	990
WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific (WPRO)	1039
Total*	At least 11516

* The reported number of fatal cases is an under representation of the actual numbers as many deaths are never tested or recognized as influenza related.

전세계 신종플루 사망자 현황

출처 : ECDC 2009 12. 15일기준

 

대륙 나라 사망 건수 유럽 오스트리아 3 벨기에 14 불가리아 5 사이프러스 2 체코 34 덴마크 16 에스토니아 5 핀란드 36 프랑스 177 독일 94 그리스 36 헝가리 23 아이슬란드 2 아일랜드 20 이탈리아 142 라트비아 17 리투아니아 11 룩셈부르크 2 몰타 3 네델란드 50 노르웨이 27 폴란드 67 포르투갈 38 루마니아 18 슬로바키아 3 슬로베니아 8 스페인 208 스웨덴 19 스위스 8 영국 283 중앙 아시아 알바니아 3 아르메니아 2 벨라루스 20 보스니아 헤르치고비나 7   대륙 나라 사망 건수 중앙 아시아 크로와티아 22 유고슬라비아 14 그루지아 1 코소보 10 몰도바 13 몬테네그로 2 러시아 19 세르비아 33 우크라이나 41 중동 알제리 19 바레인 7 이집트 52 이란 147 이라크 34 이스라엘 67 요르단 14 쿠웨이트 27 레바논 3 리비아 1 모로코 23 팔레스타인 17 오만 30 카타르 8 사우디아라비아 97 시리아 103 튀니지 6 터키 353 아랍에미레이트 6 예멘 22 아프 리카 가나 1 마다가스카르 3 모리셔스 8 모잠비크 2