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	<title>건강과 대안 &#187; 오바마</title>
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	<description>연구공동체</description>
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		<title>[의약품] 버락 오바마에게 보낸 태국 사회운동단체의 오픈 레터</title>
		<link>http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&#038;p=3601</link>
		<comments>http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&#038;p=3601#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 21 Nov 2012 14:09:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>건강과대안</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[식품 · 의약품]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[TPP]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[오바마]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[의약품]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[태국]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&#038;p=3601</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[태국 사회운동단체가 오바마에게 보낸 항의레터. 오바마 행정부가 태국정부를 TPP 가입하도록 압력을 넣는 것에 반대하는 내용. 이번 재선에 제약회사들이 지난 선거 보다 훨씬더 많은 선거자금을 투자했다는 것에 대해 지적, [...]]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div>태국 사회운동단체가 오바마에게 보낸 항의레터.</div>
<p>
<div>오바마 행정부가 태국정부를 TPP 가입하도록 압력을 넣는 것에 반대하는 내용. 이번 재선에 제약회사들이 지난 선거 보다 훨씬더 많은 선거자금을 투자했다는 것에 대해 지적, 당신이 미 제약협회의 이익을 대변해서 태국의 의약품접근권을 가로막으려는 것에 항의한다는 내용임.&nbsp;</div>
<div>연명단체는 맨 아래 참고.</div>
<p>
<div>관련사이트 링크</div>
<p>http://focusweb.org/content/open-letter-he-president-united-states-america-barack-obama</p>
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<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.846em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit;">Your Excellency,</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.846em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit;">Thai civil society groups welcome your visit to Thailand. We are aware that over the last 3-4 years, the United States has faced one of the most serious economic crises in its history.&nbsp; You have promised the people that you will right the wrongs of Wall Street and to pay attention to Main Street, and the 99%.&nbsp; More than 50 million Americans are not able to access health care.&nbsp; The United States is the only developed country in the world which does not have a national public health care system.&nbsp; We learn that you have made a commitment to extend access to health care through ObamaCare.&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.846em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit;">However, the Trans Pacific Partnership Agreement you are pushing for, and inviting Thailand to join, will push us in the opposite direction.&nbsp; The TPP will push the people in the different countries within this Agreement towards the same destiny as those American people excluded from health care.&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.846em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit;">From the substance of the negotiations which have leaked out to the public, we have learned that the TPP agreement will:</p>
<ul style="margin: 0px 0px 1.846em 60px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit; list-style: none;">
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit; list-style: disc;">help allow the pharmaceutical industry to push up the price of medicines both inside and outside the country, consolidate their monopolies, and gain profits for even longer periods.&nbsp; There is a pharmaceutical chapter, which restricts negotiation on the prices of medicines and dismantles efforts to regulate the appropriate use of medicines within the health care system;</li>
</ul>
<ul style="margin: 0px 0px 1.846em 60px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit; list-style: none;">
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit; list-style: disc;">increase the power of the giant&nbsp; transnational corporations in attempts to abolish a variety of national laws and public policies, which are there to protect public health from harmful products such as tobacco and alcohol, and to protect the environment and the resource base, through petitions to the International Arbiter; &nbsp;</li>
</ul>
<ul style="margin: 0px 0px 1.846em 60px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit; list-style: none;">
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit; list-style: disc;">undermine financial security through restricting the country’s right to use measures and policies on the movement of finance capital in order to maintain economic stability, as well as enforce laws related to consumer protection;</li>
</ul>
<ul style="margin: 0px 0px 1.846em 60px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit; list-style: none;">
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit; list-style: disc;">destroy the freedom of the internet by monitoring content and restricting the rights of the people, in the name of preventing copyright violation;</li>
</ul>
<ul style="margin: 0px 0px 1.846em 60px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit; list-style: none;">
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit; list-style: disc;">destroy the principles of transparency, through a veil of secrecy, failing to divulge the content and the impacts that will arise from the TPP Agreement, and authorizing business representatives to join in these negotiations.&nbsp;</li>
</ul>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.846em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit;">We are fully aware that PhRMA and the giant pharmaceutical companies, including those who are able to find finance in Wall Street, were some of the major funders who helped support your electoral campaign.&nbsp; They gave more money to support you in your fight to be re-elected as president, than in the elections in 2008.&nbsp; This could mean you will have to break your promise to the American people by using their tax dollars to support these businesses and building an ObamaCare that will be a compromise with the pharmaceutical industry so that they can still make profits from it, while the American people get very little benefit.&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.846em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit;">But we will not let you use the lives of the people in our country as if we are life-jackets for the failed US economy, or as a reward for the financial power of these capital groups which allowed you to return to the White House for another 4 years, despite not being able to keep a single one of the promises which you gave to the people.&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.846em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit;">So we strongly urge you to keep your word to create employment for American people, without using the blood of people in other countries, regulate the many financial institutions and banks, put checks on their enormous power, control the pharmaceutical companies to behave ethically and only seek proportionate profits, build transparency, stop hiding information from the people, and most importantly, stop hitting your knees on the floor when corporations knock on your door.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.846em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.846em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit;">(Assist.Prof.Sumlee Jaidee)</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.846em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit;">Chair Person of FTA Watch</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.846em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit;">FTA Watch</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.846em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit;">The Thai Network of People living with HIV/AIDS (TNP+)</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.846em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit;">Renal Failure Patient Group</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.846em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit;">Alternative Agricultural Network</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.846em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit;">Rural Pharmacists Foundation</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.846em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit;">Drug Study Group</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.846em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit;">Thai NGO Coalition on AIDS</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.846em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit;">Foundation for AIDS Rights</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.846em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit;">AIDS ACCESS Foundation</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.846em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit;">BioThai Foundation</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.846em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit;">Foundation for Consumers</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.846em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit;">Health and Development Foundation</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.846em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit;">Thai Holistic Health Foundation</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.846em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit;">Ecological Alert and Recovery – Thailand (EARTH)</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.846em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit;">Focus on the Global South</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.846em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.846em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.846em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit;">Coordinator: Mr.Jacques-chai Chomthongdi +66-84-805-0666</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.846em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 13px; vertical-align: baseline; font: inherit;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Mr.Chalermsak Kittitrakul +66-81-612-9551</p>
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		<title>[N Engl J Med 200주년] 의사, 환자, 그리고 변호사(Two Centuries of Health Law)</title>
		<link>http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&#038;p=3408</link>
		<comments>http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&#038;p=3408#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 02 Aug 2012 11:10:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>건강과대안</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[식품 · 의약품]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[<뉴잉글랜드저널오브메디신(N Engl J Med )>]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Doctors]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Health Law]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lawyers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Patients]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[건강보험개혁법]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[오바마]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[헬스케어]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&#038;p=3408</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[올 미국 대선에서 주요한 이슈 중의 하나인 오바마의 이최근 미국 대법원에서&#160; 합헌 판정을 받았습니다. 이와 관련하여 이 창간 200주년을 기념하여 지난 200년 동안 미국의 Health Law와 의사, 환자, [...]]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>올 미국 대선에서 주요한 이슈 중의 하나인 오바마의 <건강보험개혁법>이<BR>최근 미국 대법원에서&nbsp; 합헌 판정을 받았습니다. <BR><BR>이와 관련하여 <SPAN class=citation><뉴잉글랜드저널오브메디신(N Engl J Med )>이 창간 200주년을 <BR></SPAN>기념하여 지난 200년 동안 미국의 Health Law와 의사, 환자, 변호사를 주제로 작성한<BR><SPAN class=citation>논문을 발간했습니다.<BR><BR><<SPAN class=citation><뉴잉글랜드저널오브메디신>은 </SPAN>1811년 9월, 보스턴의 내과의사 존 콜린스 워렌<BR>(John Collins Warren)이 제임스 잭슨(James Jackson)과 함께<BR></SPAN><EM><New England Journal of Medicine and Surgery and Collateral Branches of Science><BR></EM>제명의 의학잡지를 펴내기로 의기투합한 이후&#8230; 1812년 1월 창간호를 발간했습니다. <BR>당시엔 분기별로 년 4회를 발간했습니다.<BR>(1814년 1월호 이미지 <A class="external free" href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM181401010030101" rel=nofollow><FONT color=#3366bb>http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM181401010030101</FONT></A>)<BR><BR>1827년 1년 동안 잡지명칭은 <The New England Medical Review and Journal>로 변경<BR>되었고, 1828년에는&nbsp;<The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal>이라는&nbsp;제호의 주간지로<BR>&nbsp;바뀌었습니다. 이로부터 100년 후에야 현재의 명칭을 갖게 되었습니다.<BR><BR>논문 전문은 아래를 참고하시기 바랍니다.<BR><BR>================================================&nbsp;<BR><BR><br />
<DIV class=section sizcache="85" sizset="17" jQuery1343866907484="62"><br />
<P class=articleType>Review Article</P><br />
<P class=seriesTitle>200th Anniversary Article</P><br />
<H1>Doctors, Patients, and Lawyers — Two Centuries of Health Law</H1><br />
<P class=authors>George J. Annas, J.D., M.P.H.</P><br />
<P class=citationLine sizcache="85" sizset="15"><SPAN class=citation>N Engl J Med 2012; 367:445-450</SPAN><A href="http://www.nejm.org/toc/nejm/367/5/">August 2, 2012</A><BR><A href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#t=article">http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#t=article</A><BR><BR>Medical care in 2012 is unrecognizable as compared with what it was in 1812, and no 19th-century physician would be at home in a modern hospital. A 19th-century lawyer, however, would be completely at home in a contemporary courtroom, as would a present-day lawyer transported back to the early 19th century. Although slavery was still legal and women did not yet have the right to vote, the U.S. Supreme Court was the highest court in the land and the U.S. Constitution and its Bill of Rights would be familiar, as would the jury and the common law system adopted from England.</P><br />
<P sizcache="85" sizset="17" jQuery1343866907484="61">Physicians and lawyers did not necessarily get along better in 1812 than they do today, primarily because of medical malpractice litigation. Herman Melville&#8217;s 1851 metaphoric Massachusetts masterpiece, <EM>Moby-Dick,</EM> symbolizes the view of many physicians, then and now, that medical malpractice litigation is the white whale: evil, ubiquitous, and seemingly immortal (<A class="viewType-Layer viewClass-ImageViewerLayer" href="http://www.nejm.org/action/showImage?doi=10.1056%2FNEJMra1108646&#038;iid=f01" jQuery1343866907484="137">Figure 1</A><SPAN class=fig sizcache="85" sizset="18"><SPAN class=figureTitle>Figure 1</SPAN><A class="figureLink viewType-Layer viewClass-ImageViewerLayer event-articleThumb" href="http://www.nejm.org/action/showImage?doi=10.1056%2FNEJMra1108646&#038;iid=f01" jQuery1343866907484="138"><IMG alt="" src="http://www.nejm.org/na102/home/ACS/publisher/mms/journals/content/nejm/2012/nejm_2012.367.issue-5/nejmra1108646/production/images/small/nejmra1108646_f1.gif" jQuery1343866907484="171"></A><SPAN class=figureCaption>The Whale.</SPAN></SPAN>). Medicine and law were nonetheless often viewed as the two major professions, and for the leading physicians at that time, including Walter Channing (<A class="viewType-Layer viewClass-ImageViewerLayer" href="http://www.nejm.org/action/showImage?doi=10.1056%2FNEJMra1108646&#038;iid=f02" jQuery1343866907484="139">Figure 2</A><SPAN class=fig sizcache="85" sizset="20"><SPAN class=figureTitle>Figure 2</SPAN><A class="figureLink viewType-Layer viewClass-ImageViewerLayer event-articleThumb" href="http://www.nejm.org/action/showImage?doi=10.1056%2FNEJMra1108646&#038;iid=f02" jQuery1343866907484="140"><IMG alt="" src="http://www.nejm.org/na102/home/ACS/publisher/mms/journals/content/nejm/2012/nejm_2012.367.issue-5/nejmra1108646/production/images/small/nejmra1108646_f2.gif" jQuery1343866907484="172"></A><SPAN class=figureCaption>Portrait of Dr. Walter Channing (William Franklin Draper, after Joseph Alexander Ames, 1946).</SPAN></SPAN>), editor-in-chief from 1825 to 1835 of what is now the <EM>New England Journal of Medicine,</EM> the relationship between medicine and law was of great intellectual and practical interest.<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="21" jQuery1343866907484="60"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref1" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="20">1</A></SPAN> </P><br />
<P sizcache="85" sizset="22" jQuery1343866907484="75">Over the past two centuries, the discipline of medical jurisprudence — the application of medical knowledge to the needs of justice — has been renamed legal medicine (including forensic science), and applying the law to medicine has expanded from medical law to health law. Legal procedures and courtrooms have changed little, but there have been almost as many changes in the application of law to medicine over the past 200 years as there have been changes in the practice of medicine. Health law&#8217;s intimate relationship with medical ethics also has a strong precedent. Thomas Percival&#8217;s original title for his 1803 <EM>Medical Ethics</EM> text, which has been described as “the most influential treatise on medical ethics in the past two centuries,”<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="22" jQuery1343866907484="74"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref2" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="21">2</A></SPAN> was <EM>Medical Jurisprudence</EM>.<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="23" jQuery1343866907484="76"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref3" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="22">3</A></SPAN> More than half of Percival&#8217;s text specifically addresses “professional duties .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. which require a knowledge of law.”<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="24" jQuery1343866907484="77"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref3" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="23">3</A></SPAN> </P><br />
<P sizcache="85" sizset="25" jQuery1343866907484="79">Walter Channing&#8217;s almost-poetic academic title was Professor of Midwifery and Medical Jurisprudence.<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="25" jQuery1343866907484="78"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref1" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="24">1</A></SPAN> In his lectures on the latter subject at what would become Harvard Medical School, he relied primarily on the 1823 text by Theodoric Beck, <EM>Elements of Medical Jurisprudence</EM>.<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="26" jQuery1343866907484="80"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref1" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="25">1,4</A></SPAN> The major areas of medical jurisprudence in the early and mid-19th century were forensic pathology (determination of the cause of death in criminal cases, especially when poisoning was suspected) and forensic psychiatry (determination, for example, of whether a defendant was “sane” at the time he committed a crime). In 1854, the year Channing retired from teaching, his course was entitled “Obstetrics and Medical Jurisprudence.”<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="27" jQuery1343866907484="81"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref1" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="26">1</A></SPAN> Insight into the medical jurisprudence of Channing&#8217;s times can be found in a remarkable three-part book review, spanning 24 journal pages, which he wrote 6 years later.<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="28" jQuery1343866907484="82"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref5" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="27">5</A></SPAN> The book he reviewed, by physician–lawyer John J. Elwell, <EM>A Medico-Legal Treatise on Malpractice and Medical Evidence: Comprising the Elements of Medical Jurisprudence,</EM> was also published in 1860.<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="29" jQuery1343866907484="83"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref6" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="28">6</A></SPAN> Both the book and Channing&#8217;s review can help us see how medical jurisprudence evolved into health law in much the way that midwifery evolved into obstetrics.</P></DIV><br />
<DIV class=section sizcache="85" sizset="30" jQuery1343866907484="86"><br />
<H3 id="articlePhysicians and the Law">Physicians and the Law</H3><br />
<P sizcache="85" sizset="30" jQuery1343866907484="85">Apart from the many areas of the law that directly affected the practice of obstetrics in the 19th century (most notably, abortion, feticide, and infanticide), medical jurisprudence was not Channing&#8217;s main subject.<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="30" jQuery1343866907484="84"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref1" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="29">1</A></SPAN> Nonetheless, primarily on the basis of the importance of medical testimony in both civil and criminal cases and on the basis of his own courtroom experiences as an expert witness, Channing strongly believed that physicians should know enough law to be useful and credible witnesses in court. He made this conviction a core of his medical school lectures on the subject. Channing believed that medicine and law, “two of the most diverse callings may act in perfect harmony, and for the equal benefit of both.”<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="31" jQuery1343866907484="87"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref5" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="30">5</A></SPAN> He also quoted medicolegal expert David Paul Brown: “A doctor who knows nothing of law, and a lawyer who knows nothing of medicine, are deficient in essential requisites of their respective professions.”<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="32" jQuery1343866907484="88"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref5" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="31">5</A></SPAN> Two cases dealt with in some detail by Elwell illustrate the standards to which courts held physicians (and quacks) in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.</P></DIV><br />
<DIV class=section></DIV><br />
<DIV class=section sizcache="85" sizset="33" jQuery1343866907484="91"><br />
<H3 id="articleMedical Malpractice and Medical Licensure">Medical Malpractice and Medical Licensure</H3><br />
<P sizcache="85" sizset="33" jQuery1343866907484="90">The first is the celebrated case of <EM>Slater v. Baker and Stapleton,</EM> decided in England in 1767.<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="33" jQuery1343866907484="89"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref7" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="32">7</A></SPAN> Slater had broken his leg, it had not healed well, and he had sought treatment from another physician, a surgeon named Baker (and apothecary Stapleton). They broke the leg again and set it in “a heavy steel thing that had teeth” to stretch it, with a poor result. Slater sued them, and three surgeons testified that the “steel thing” should not have been used.<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="34" jQuery1343866907484="92"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref7" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="33">7</A></SPAN> The jury awarded Slater £500 (approximately £60,000 today), and the defendants appealed. The appeals court affirmed the award, saying that a radical experiment could itself be considered malpractice, at least in the absence of the patient&#8217;s consent. In the court&#8217;s words,</P><br />
<BLOCKQUOTE sizcache="85" sizset="35" jQuery1343866907484="95"><br />
<P sizcache="85" sizset="35" jQuery1343866907484="94">this was the first experiment made with this new instrument; and although the defendants in general may be as skillful in their respective professions as any two gentlemen in England, yet the Court cannot help saying that in this particular case they have acted ignorantly and unskillfully, contrary to the known rule and usage of surgeons.<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="35" jQuery1343866907484="93"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref7" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="34">7</A></SPAN> </P></BLOCKQUOTE><br />
<P sizcache="85" sizset="36" jQuery1343866907484="97">Elwell reasonably objected to the court&#8217;s conclusion that if a physician is engaging in a unique experiment, then that fact alone makes the physician “guilty of rashness and recklessness.”<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="36" jQuery1343866907484="96"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref6" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="35">6</A></SPAN> He noted that the “recklessness” standard “points strongly to criminal intent or of foolhardiness and culpable rashness [which would make the physician] actually guilty of a crime.”<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="37" jQuery1343866907484="98"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref6" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="36">6</A></SPAN> Later in his text, Elwell described just such a case, which he termed “the leading American case on criminal malpractice” and which I call “the case of the coffee quack.”<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="38" jQuery1343866907484="99"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref8" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="37">8</A></SPAN> </P><br />
<P sizcache="85" sizset="39" jQuery1343866907484="101">The coffee quack was charged with murder in the death of his patient. He had come to Beverly, Massachusetts, in 1807 and announced himself as a physician with “the ability to cure all fevers.” He used several concoctions, including drugs he called “coffee,” “well-my-gristle,” and “ram-cats.” He administered these drugs, together with heat and blankets, for approximately 1 week to a patient who had employed him to cure a severe cold. The patient vomited frequently, became exhausted, and within days suffered a series of convulsions from which he died. There was testimony that in high doses the “coffee” drug could act as a poison. The jury was instructed that to find the coffee quack guilty of murder they must find that the killing was done with malice, and there was no evidence of this. A finding of manslaughter required that the killing be “the consequence of some unlawful act,”<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="39" jQuery1343866907484="100"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref8" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="38">8</A></SPAN> but there was no legal requirement at the time for either licensure or education in order to call oneself a physician. The judge summed up his instructions to the jury:</P><br />
<BLOCKQUOTE sizcache="85" sizset="40" jQuery1343866907484="104"><br />
<P sizcache="85" sizset="40" jQuery1343866907484="103">It is to be exceedingly lamented, that people are so easily persuaded to put confidence in these itinerant quacks .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. If this astonishing infatuation should continue, there seems to be no adequate remedy by a criminal prosecution, without the interference of the legislature, if the quack .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. should prescribe, with honest intentions and expectations of relieving his patients.<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="40" jQuery1343866907484="102"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref8" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="39">8</A></SPAN> </P></BLOCKQUOTE><br />
<P sizcache="85" sizset="41" jQuery1343866907484="106">The jury accordingly found the defendant not guilty. At least partially as a result of this verdict, the Massachusetts legislature passed its first physician-licensing law in 1818. That law prohibited unlicensed healers from using the courts to collect payment. It was not until the end of that century that practicing medicine without a license was made a crime.<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="41" jQuery1343866907484="105"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref9" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="40">9</A></SPAN> </P></DIV><br />
<DIV class=section></DIV><br />
<DIV class=section sizcache="85" sizset="42" jQuery1343866907484="109"><br />
<H3 id="articleMedical Malpractice and Lay Juries">Medical Malpractice and Lay Juries</H3><br />
<P sizcache="85" sizset="42" jQuery1343866907484="108">Historian Michael Bliss argues that in the 19th century, “much of the therapeutic power of medicine stemmed from surgery.”<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="42" jQuery1343866907484="107"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref10" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="41">10</A></SPAN> Whether or not it was therapeutic, Channing noted in the mid-19th century that malpractice was “almost exclusively charged on surgical practice.”<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="43" jQuery1343866907484="110"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref5" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="42">5</A></SPAN> Elwell catalogued and provided specific examples of the most common surgical malpractice cases, those involving amputation and the treatment of fractures.<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="44" jQuery1343866907484="111"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref6" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="43">6</A></SPAN> Beck also appropriately devoted, in Channing&#8217;s words, “much of his work” (15 of 42 chapters, and 232 of 582 pages) to the issue of medical malpractice, which “gives to his volume a great value, and makes him a large benefactor to the profession.”<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="45" jQuery1343866907484="112"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref4" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="44">4,5</A></SPAN> </P><br />
<P sizcache="85" sizset="46" jQuery1343866907484="114">Although Channing thought the jury a wonderful institution, he did not think it was appropriate for medical malpractice cases. He argued that medicine was inherently difficult to understand and not suited to lay juries, which he thought were mostly influenced by dueling expert witnesses whose testimony they could not fathom.<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="46" jQuery1343866907484="113"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref5" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="45">5</A></SPAN> Channing asked, in words that find common expression today, “What shall be done to remedy so glaring a defect in our jurisprudence — a defect involving so much evil to the accused, and to a profession?”<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="47" jQuery1343866907484="115"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref5" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="46">5</A></SPAN> His own response was to suggest that, like military officers, physicians should be tried by their “peers” because “there is no other way it is possible for them to get justice.”<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="48" jQuery1343866907484="116"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref5" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="47">5</A></SPAN> </P><br />
<P sizcache="85" sizset="49" jQuery1343866907484="118">His view was not unique at the time. It has been independently reported that “between 1845 and 1861 physicians were truly alarmed at the increase of malpractice claims,” and an 1850 communication to the Massachusetts Medical Society referred to the “alarmingly frequent” prosecutions for malpractice and the belief that some surgeons were closing their practices because of this.<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="49" jQuery1343866907484="117"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref11" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="48">11</A></SPAN> The Massachusetts Medical Society “recommended that a disinterested physician be engaged to adjudicate a threat of malpractice by a disgruntled patient.”<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="50" jQuery1343866907484="119"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref11" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="49">11</A></SPAN> </P><br />
<P sizcache="85" sizset="51" jQuery1343866907484="121">A century and a half of “malpractice reforms” has not changed the medical profession&#8217;s views on medical malpractice litigation, which is still seen as unnecessarily adversarial, shaming, and unfair.<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="51" jQuery1343866907484="120"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref12" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="50">12-14</A></SPAN> To many physicians, medical malpractice litigation remains the dangerous white whale. Lawyers themselves are not uncommonly viewed as sharks or vultures, bringing to mind Melville&#8217;s description of the sharks that harass the whale boats, “seemingly rising from out the dark waters .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. maliciously snap[ping] at the oars .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. following them in the same prescient way that vultures hover.”</P></DIV><br />
<DIV class=section></DIV><br />
<DIV class=section sizcache="85" sizset="52" jQuery1343866907484="124"><br />
<H3 id="articleContemporary Health Law and the Supreme Court">Contemporary Health Law and the Supreme Court</H3><br />
<P sizcache="85" sizset="52" jQuery1343866907484="123">Law and medicine have been intimately associated for at least the past two centuries, but it was not until 1964 that the <EM>Journal</EM> inaugurated a regular feature on the subject (then called “medicolegal relations”) and William J. Curran began writing his “Law–Medicine Notes.”<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="52" jQuery1343866907484="122"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref15" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="51">15</A></SPAN> Like Elwell and Beck before him, Curran devoted a significant number of his articles to medical malpractice (including hospital liability), forensic medicine (including abortion), and forensic psychiatry, but he also addressed new topics, including the physician&#8217;s changing roles in capital punishment, torture, care of the dying, fetal research, and determining death according to brain criteria.<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="53" jQuery1343866907484="125"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref15" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="52">15</A></SPAN> </P><br />
<P>In 1991, I began writing a <EM>Journal</EM> feature called “Legal Issues in Medicine” (now “Health Law, Ethics, and Human Rights”). Of the 60 articles that I have written under these two rubrics, approximately 20% have dealt with the power of government over physicians and medical practice; 20% with abortion, pregnancy, and childbirth; 20% with public health issues; and the remainder with research, care of the dying, patient rights, forensic medicine, and forensic psychiatry. What is perhaps most noteworthy, however, is the number of health law cases that have been decided by the U.S. Supreme Court.</P><br />
<P sizcache="85" sizset="54" jQuery1343866907484="127">Health law — that is, law applied to the health care field — has expanded far beyond anything Channing could have imagined. The recognition of patients&#8217; rights and the expansion of regulatory-oversight rules and mechanisms, for both medical practice and financing, has vastly enlarged the field. Patients&#8217; rights, especially the doctrine of informed consent, were furthered by such judgments as that at the trial of the Nazi doctors at Nuremberg (1946–1947)<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="54" jQuery1343866907484="126"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref16" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="53">16</A></SPAN> and the Supreme Court&#8217;s decision on abortion in <EM>Roe v. Wade</EM> (1973).<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="55" jQuery1343866907484="128"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref17" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="54">17</A></SPAN> Informed consent is the core of the Nuremberg Code, as it could have been the core of <EM>Slater v. Baker</EM> nearly 250 years ago. On its face, <EM>Roe v. Wade</EM> overturned most state laws that made abortion a crime, but its impact on medical care goes far beyond abortion. The Court ruled that the rights of both the physician and the patient have a constitutional dimension that limits the state&#8217;s power to interfere in the physician–patient relationship.<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="56" jQuery1343866907484="129"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref17" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="55">17</A></SPAN> The politics of abortion have led the Court to decide more than 3 dozen cases on state abortion laws in the past 40 years. The evolving structures of health care financing and practice would also be unrecognizable to 19th-century medical practitioners, including private health insurance plans, Medicare and Medicaid, managed care, the health insurance exchanges and accountable care organizations encouraged by the Affordable Care Act, antitrust regulations, measures to prevent fraud and abuse, and financial disclosure requirements.</P><br />
<P sizcache="85" sizset="57" jQuery1343866907484="131">A third development is also noteworthy — the application of health law to the field of international human rights, including the right to health, the regulation of research on human subjects, and the physician&#8217;s role in war and civil conflict. Physicians and lawyers now work together in U.S.-based organizations such as Physicians for Human Rights and Global Lawyers and Physicians. Working separately, medical associations, including the British Medical Association and the World Medical Association, rather than legal associations, deserve much of the credit for the growth of the international “health and human rights” arena.<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="57" jQuery1343866907484="130"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref18" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="56">18</A></SPAN> Both law and medicine are critical tools for improving health and well-being on a global level, and each profession is more effective when the two work together.</P><br />
<P sizcache="85" sizset="58">Law remains interwoven with the practice of medicine, as it was in the 19th century. Physicians who do not have a basic understanding of the law are, as Channing recognized, at a distinct disadvantage when practicing medicine. The evolution of medical jurisprudence into health law over the past two centuries has been dramatic (<A class="viewType-Layer viewClass-ImageViewerLayer" href="http://www.nejm.org/action/showImage?doi=10.1056%2FNEJMra1108646&#038;iid=t01" jQuery1343866907484="141">Table 1</A><SPAN class=table sizcache="85" sizset="59"><SPAN class=figureTitle>Table 1</SPAN><A class="figureLink viewType-Layer viewClass-ImageViewerLayer event-articleThumb" href="http://www.nejm.org/action/showImage?doi=10.1056%2FNEJMra1108646&#038;iid=t01" jQuery1343866907484="142"><IMG alt="" src="http://www.nejm.org/na102/home/ACS/publisher/mms/journals/content/nejm/2012/nejm_2012.367.issue-5/nejmra1108646/production/images/small/nejmra1108646_t1.gif" jQuery1343866907484="173"></A><SPAN class=figureCaption>Some Health Law Highlights.</SPAN></SPAN>). But equally consequential are the ways in which health law issues are framed and the legal forums in which they are resolved. State laws governing medical practice (including abortion and end-of-life care) are now challenged as unconstitutional infringements of individual rights, with the final determination made by the Supreme Court. The Court has also become active in determining the constitutionality of federal health-related legislation and in interpreting the meaning of federal statutes in the health field, ranging from regulation of tobacco and drugs to gun control. The fate of the Affordable Care Act, the major “health law” of the past decade, has also been decided by the Supreme Court — unthinkable in Channing&#8217;s day.</P><br />
<P sizcache="85" sizset="60" jQuery1343866907484="133">The changes in substance and emphasis in health law from the publication of <EM>Moby-Dick</EM> can be appreciated by reading a contemporary nonfiction best seller about an event that occurred in 1951, which was 100 years after Melville published his masterpiece: the taking of cells that would later be called “HeLa” cells from Henrietta Lacks.<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="60" jQuery1343866907484="132"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref19" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="57">19</A></SPAN> Although malpractice remains a concern, more central legal issues in contemporary medical practice include the fiduciary nature of the doctor–patient relationship, patient rights and patient safety, informed consent, privacy, commercialization, the regulation of medical research and biobanking, the patenting of genes and cell lines, the application of genomic information to medical practice, racial disparities, and equitable access to quality medical care.<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="61" jQuery1343866907484="134"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref20" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="58">20,21</A></SPAN> The author of <EM>The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks,</EM> Rebecca Skloot, opens her book with the words of Elie Wiesel that almost all physicians and lawyers would agree should apply to all patients, not least because of the “fiduciary duty” that physicians owe patients under the law (and medical ethics): “We must not see any person as an abstraction. Instead, we must see in every person a universe with its own secrets, with its own sources of anguish, and with some measure of triumph.”<SPAN class=ref sizcache="85" sizset="62" jQuery1343866907484="135"><A class=showRefLayer href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1108646?query=TOC#ref19" rel=#refLayer jQuery1343866907484="59">19</A></SPAN> </P></DIV><br />
<DIV class=section></DIV><br />
<P sizcache="85" sizset="63"><A href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/suppl/10.1056/NEJMra1108646/suppl_file/nejmra1108646_disclosures.pdf">Disclosure forms</A> provided by the author are available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org.</P><br />
<P>I thank my health law colleagues Leonard Glantz and Wendy Mariner for their thoughtful comments on early drafts of this article.</P><br />
<DIV class=section sizcache="85" sizset="64"><br />
<DIV class=sourceInfo sizcache="85" sizset="64"><br />
<H3>Source Information</H3><br />
<P>From the Department of Health Law, Bioethics, and Human Rights, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston.</P><br />
<P sizcache="85" sizset="64">Address reprint requests to Dr. Annas at the Department of Health Law, Bioethics, and Human Rights, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, or at <A class=email href="mailto:annasgj@bu.edu"></P><br />
<H3>References</H3><br />
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<P class=content sizcache="85" sizset="70"><CONTRIB xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" contrib-type="author">Channing W</CONTRIB>. A medico-legal treatise on malpractice and medical evidence &#8212; a review. <SPAN class=NLM_source>Boston Med Surg J</SPAN> 1860;62:233-41,259-65,300-7<BR></A><A href="http://www.nejm.org/servlet/linkout?suffix=r005&#038;dbid=20&#038;doi=10.1056%2FNEJMra1108646&#038;key=10.1056%2FNEJM186004190621201" _onclick="newWindow(this.href);return false">Full Text</A><A class=email href="mailto:annasgj@bu.edu"></P></A><A name=ref6></A><A class=email href="mailto:annasgj@bu.edu"><br />
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<P class=content>Commonwealth v. Thompson, 6 Mass. 134 (1809).<BR></P></A><A name=ref9></A><A class=email href="mailto:annasgj@bu.edu"><br />
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<P class=content>Derbyshire RC. Medical licensure and discipline in the United States. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1969.<BR></P></A><A name=ref10></A><A class=email href="mailto:annasgj@bu.edu"><br />
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<P class=content>Bliss M. The making of modern medicine. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011.<BR></P></A><A name=ref11></A><A class=email href="mailto:annasgj@bu.edu"><br />
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<P class=content>Burns CR. Malpractice suits in American medicine before the civil war. In: Burns CR, ed. Legacies in ethics and medicine. New York: Science History Publications, 1977:107-22.<BR></P></A><A name=ref12></A><A class=email href="mailto:annasgj@bu.edu"><br />
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<P class=content sizcache="85" sizset="78"><CONTRIB xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" contrib-type="author">Mehlman MJ</CONTRIB>. The shame of medical malpractice. <SPAN class=NLM_source>J Leg Med</SPAN> 2006;27:17-32<BR></A><A href="http://www.nejm.org/servlet/linkout?suffix=r012&#038;dbid=16&#038;doi=10.1056%2FNEJMra1108646&#038;key=10.1080%2F01947640500533218" _onclick="newWindow(this.href);return false">CrossRef</A><A class=email href="mailto:annasgj@bu.edu"> | </A><A href="http://www.nejm.org/servlet/linkout?suffix=r012&#038;dbid=128&#038;doi=10.1056%2FNEJMra1108646&#038;key=000235683800002" _onclick="newWindow(this.href);return false">Web of Science</A><A class=email href="mailto:annasgj@bu.edu"></P></A><A name=ref13></A><A class=email href="mailto:annasgj@bu.edu"><br />
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<P class=content><CONTRIB xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" contrib-type="author">Dickens BM</CONTRIB>. Patients&#8217; interests and clients&#8217; wishes: physicians and lawyers in discord. <SPAN class=NLM_source>Law Med Health Care</SPAN> 1987;15:110-117<BR></P></A><A name=ref14></A><A class=email href="mailto:annasgj@bu.edu"><br />
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<P class=content sizcache="85" sizset="82"><CONTRIB xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" contrib-type="author">Sage WM</CONTRIB>. Medical liability and patient safety. <SPAN class=NLM_source>Health Aff (Millwood)</SPAN> 2003;22:26-36<BR></A><A href="http://www.nejm.org/servlet/linkout?suffix=r014&#038;dbid=16&#038;doi=10.1056%2FNEJMra1108646&#038;key=10.1377%2Fhlthaff.22.4.26" _onclick="newWindow(this.href);return false">CrossRef</A><A class=email href="mailto:annasgj@bu.edu"> | </A><A href="http://www.nejm.org/servlet/linkout?suffix=r014&#038;dbid=128&#038;doi=10.1056%2FNEJMra1108646&#038;key=000184054800003" _onclick="newWindow(this.href);return false">Web of Science</A><A class=email href="mailto:annasgj@bu.edu"> | </A><A href="http://www.nejm.org/servlet/linkout?suffix=r014&#038;dbid=8&#038;doi=10.1056%2FNEJMra1108646&#038;key=12889746" _onclick="newWindow(this.href);return false">Medline</A><A class=email href="mailto:annasgj@bu.edu"></P></A><A name=ref15></A><A class=email href="mailto:annasgj@bu.edu"><br />
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<P class=content>Curran WJ. Law–medicine notes: progress in medicolegal relations. Waltham, MA: NEJM Books, 1989.<BR></P></A><A name=ref16></A><A class=email href="mailto:annasgj@bu.edu"><br />
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<P class=content>Annas GJ, Grodin MA. The Nazi doctors and the Nuremberg code: human rights in human experimentation. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.<BR></P></A><A name=ref17></A><A class=email href="mailto:annasgj@bu.edu"><br />
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<P class=content>Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973).<BR></P></A><A name=ref18></A><A class=email href="mailto:annasgj@bu.edu"><br />
<LI class=even id=refItem18 sizcache="85" sizset="89"><br />
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<P class=content>Mann JM, Gruskin S, Grodin MA, Annas GJ, eds. Health and human rights: a reader. New York: Routledge, 1999.<BR></P></A><A name=ref19></A><A class=email href="mailto:annasgj@bu.edu"><br />
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<P class=content>Skloot R. The immortal life of Henrietta Lacks. New York: Crown, 2010.<BR></P></A><A name=ref20></A><A class=email href="mailto:annasgj@bu.edu"><br />
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<P class=content>Sanbar SS, Firestone MH, Fiscina S, LeBlang TR, Wecht CH, Zaremski MJ. Legal medicine. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier, 2007.<BR></P></A><A name=ref21></A><A class=email href="mailto:annasgj@bu.edu"><br />
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<P class=content>Furrow BR, Greaney TL, Johnson SH, Jost TS, Schwartz RL. Health law: cases, materials and problems. 6th ed. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing, 2008.<BR>annasgj@bu.edu</A>. </P></LI></OL></DIV></DIV></p>
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		<title>[한미FTA] 미 백악관, 무역지원조정제도 연장과 한미FTA 비준 연계</title>
		<link>http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&#038;p=2957</link>
		<comments>http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&#038;p=2957#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 17 May 2011 20:18:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>건강과대안</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[세계화 · 자유무역]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[TAA) 제도 연장]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[공화당]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[무역지원조정(Trade Adjustment Assistance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[세계화]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[신자유주의]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[오바마]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[채무상환불이행(디폴트)]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[한EU FTA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[한미FTA]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&#038;p=2957</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[미 백악관(행정부)에서 무역지원조정(Trade Adjustment Assistance, TAA) 제도의 연장과한-미, 미-콜럼비아, 미-파나마 FTA의 미국 의회 비준을 연계시키겠다는 방침을 밝혔습니다. 무역지원조정(Trade Adjustment Assistance, TAA) 제도는 자유무역협정(FTA) 등으로 피해를 입는 계층에게 연방정부 [...]]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><P>미 백악관(행정부)에서 무역지원조정(Trade Adjustment Assistance, TAA) 제도의 연장과<BR>한-미, 미-콜럼비아, 미-파나마 FTA의 미국 의회 비준을 연계시키겠다는 방침을 밝혔습니다.</P><br />
<P>무역지원조정(Trade Adjustment Assistance, TAA) 제도는 자유무역협정(FTA) 등으로 피해를 <BR>입는 계층에게 연방정부 차원에서 재교육과 혜택을 제공하는 프로그램입니다.&nbsp; 우리나라에도<BR>「자유무역협정 체결에 따른 무역조정 지원에 관한 법률」이 있더군요.<BR><BR>이 프로그램은 미국의 재정난과 예산 부담 증가 때문에&nbsp; 2011년 2월 종료되었습니다.&nbsp;<BR>미국 연방정부의 부채는 지난 5월 16일자로&nbsp;법정 한도인 14조 2940억 달러에 도달한 것으로<BR>밝혀졌는데요&#8230; 미국 의회가 7월말까지 채무한도 증액조치를 합의해주지&nbsp;않을 경우 &nbsp;최악의<BR>경우 채무상환불이행(디폴트)가 현실화될 수도 있습니다.<BR><BR>빚더미 위에 앉은 미국 정부가 무역지원조정(Trade Adjustment Assistance, TAA) 제도를<BR>연장하는 것이 합리적이진 않겠지만&#8230; 오바마 대통령으로선 자신의 재선을 위해 이 제도의<BR>연장이 절실히 필요한 상황입니다.<BR><BR>채무한도 증액조치와 무역지원조정(TAA)의 연장과 한미 FTA의 미국 의회 비준이 서로 <BR>연계되어 있는 상황인데&#8230;&nbsp; 한미 FTA가 미국 경제에 엄청난 이익을 가져다준다면 한국에선<BR>어떤 재앙이 예고되어 있는지&#8230; 꼼꼼히 따져봐야 할 것 같습니다.<BR><BR><BR>White House: No trade deals without workers&#8217; aid<BR><BR><A href="http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20110516/ap_on_re_us/us_obama_trade_5" target=_blank>http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/<WBR>20110516/ap_on_re_us/us_obama_<WBR>trade_5<BR></A><BR></P><br />
<DIV class=byline><CITE class=vcard>By JULIE PACE, Associated Press <SPAN class="fn org">Julie Pace, Associated Press</SPAN> </CITE>– <ABBR class=timedate title=2011-05-16T13:13:41-0700>Mon&nbsp;May&nbsp;16, 4:13&nbsp;pm&nbsp;ET</ABBR></DIV><!-- end .byline --><br />
<DIV class=yn-story-content _yuid="yui_3_1_1_3_130562658099111"><br />
<P>WASHINGTON – The White House is threatening to hold up final passage of three coveted free trade agreements unless lawmakers agree to expand retraining assistance for American workers who lose their jobs because of foreign competition.</P><br />
<P>The move comes as administration officials begin talks on Capitol Hill to finalize the agreements the White House reached to expand trade with South Korea, Panama and Colombia. President Barack Obama has said the deals are an integral part of his economic agenda, and the pacts have broad Republican support.</P><br />
<P>While administration officials have long said they supported expanding the Trade Adjustment Assistance Program, or TAA, Monday&#8217;s announcement was the first time aides said they would be willing to delay the deals without it.</P><br />
<P>&#8220;We will not submit the FTAs without an agreement on an enhanced TAA,&#8221; said Gene Sperling, director of the National Economic Council. &#8220;But we also believe we can work on congressional leadership to get that accomplished.&#8221;</P><br />
<P>White House officials said they&#8217;re willing to proceed on the trade pacts without formal passage of the assistance expansion as long as lawmakers outline a plan for doing so.</P><br />
<P>The assistance program was expanded two years ago as part of Obama&#8217;s stimulus package to include aid for more displaced workers, but the expansion expired in February. Labor unions and some key Democratic lawmakers have demanded the expansion as a condition for supporting the trade deals.</P><br />
<P>While Republicans have typically been supportive of the TAA program, several GOP lawmakers have expressed concerns that the level of spending under the 2009 expansion is no longer sustainable given the Capitol Hill negotiations on debt and deficit.</P><br />
<P>Administration officials said Monday they did not have an estimate for how much it would cost to renew the assistance program. Sperling said the administration is working with Congress on ways to fund the program so it doesn&#8217;t add to the deficit.</P><br />
<P>The White House and Republicans had appeared to have a breakthrough on trade earlier this month when the administration started informal talks with congressional staff on the three trade deals. The talks are the first step toward the final ratification process.</P><br />
<P>The administration wanted lawmakers to pass the South Korea deal, the largest of the three, first while it negotiated outstanding issues with Colombia and Panama. But Republicans demanded the White House send all three agreements together, threatening to block the confirmation of a new commerce secretary and any trade-related nominees if that didn&#8217;t happen.</P><br />
<P>Utah Sen. Orrin Hatch, the top Republican on the Senate Finance Committee, said the administration&#8217;s decision to link the trade deals with the assistance program was &#8220;hugely disappointing.&#8221;</P><br />
<P>&#8220;With our economy struggling and our nation broke, it&#8217;s time to stop the excuses and give our exporters fair access to international markets,&#8221; Hatch said in a statement.</P><br />
<P>A spokesman for House Speaker John Boehner, R-Ohio, said Congress is ready to act on the trade deals if the White House is.</P><br />
<P>&#8220;If the president acts quickly, the House would be prepared to pass all three before July 4th,&#8221; Boehner spokesman Brendan Buck said.</P><br />
<P>___</P><br />
<P>Julie Pace can be reached at <A href="http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/ap/ap_on_re_us/storytext/us_obama_trade/41492430/SIG=10s96d8n3/*http://twitter.com/jpacedc"><FONT color=#0058a6>http://twitter.com/jpacedc</FONT></A>.<BR><BR>==========================<BR><BR>White House: No trade deals unless Congress reaches agreement on<BR>assistance for US workers<BR><BR><A href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/white-house-threatens-to-hold-up-trade-deals-unless-congress-expands-aid-for-us-workers/2011/05/16/AFJKWq4G_story.html?wprss=rss_congress" target=_blank>http://www.washingtonpost.com/<WBR>business/white-house-<WBR>threatens-to-hold-up-trade-<WBR>deals-unless-congress-expands-<WBR>aid-for-us-workers/2011/05/16/<WBR>AFJKWq4G_story.html?wprss=rss_<WBR>congress</A><BR><BR>===============<BR></P></DIV></p>
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		<title>[한미FTA ] 캠벨 &#8220;한미FTA 이행법안, 곧 의회 제출&#8221;</title>
		<link>http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&#038;p=2904</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 01 Apr 2011 10:47:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>건강과대안</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[광우병]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[세계화 · 자유무역]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[미 의회 통과]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[세계화]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[쇠고기]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[신자유주의]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[오바마]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[이명박]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[자동차]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[한미FTA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[한미FTA 이행법안]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[캠벨 &#8220;한미FTA 이행법안, 곧 의회 제출&#8221;&#8220;FTA돼도 개성공단 `北상품 수입&#8217; 안한다&#8221;출처 : 연합뉴스 2011/04/01 06:01&#160;http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/economy/2011/04/01/0325000000AKR20110401011800071.HTML?template=2087(워싱턴=연합뉴스) 황재훈 특파원 = 커트 캠벨 미국 국무부 동아시아.태평양 담당 차관보는 31일(현지시간) 한미 자유무역협정(FTA) 이행법안을 [...]]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>캠벨 &#8220;한미FTA 이행법안, 곧 의회 제출&#8221;<BR><BR>&#8220;FTA돼도 개성공단 `北상품 수입&#8217; 안한다&#8221;<BR><BR>출처 : <SPAN class=date>연합뉴스 2011/04/01 06:01&nbsp;</SPAN><BR><A href="http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/economy/2011/04/01/0325000000AKR20110401011800071.HTML?template=2087">http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/economy/2011/04/01/0325000000AKR20110401011800071.HTML?template=2087</A><BR><BR>(워싱턴=연합뉴스) 황재훈 특파원 = 커트 캠벨 미국 국무부 동아시아.태평양 담당 차관보는 31일(현지시간) 한미 자유무역협정(FTA) 이행법안을 곧 의회에 제출할 것이라고 밝혔다.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 캠벨 차관보는 이날 하원 외교위원회 소위 청문회에 출석, 모두발언을 통해 한미 FTA의 중요성을 강조하면서 &#8220;행정부는 곧 의회에 협정 이행법안을 제출할 것&#8221;이라고 말했다.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 그는 &#8220;이 협정은 즉각적이고 중요한 경제적 혜택을 줄 뿐만 아니라 핵심 동맹국과의 파트너십을 더 강화해 줄 것&#8221;이라면서 &#8220;전략적으로는 이 협정은 아태지역의 번영과 안보에 대한 우리의 의지를 강조해 줄 것&#8221;이라고 밝혔다.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 이와 관련, 그는 &#8220;한미 FTA는 미국의 리더십을 위한 핵심적인 것&#8221;이라면서 &#8220;한미 FTA는 특별히 중요하다&#8221;고 경제적, 전략적 중요성을 강조했다.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 그는 이어 한미 FTA가 통과될 경우 개성공단에서 만든 `북한산&#8217; 제품이 미국에 무관세로 수입될 것이라면서 추궁하는 민주당 브래드 셔먼 의원의 질의에 &#8220;북한산 제품의 미국 반입을 금지할 것이라는 미국의 오래된 정책을 오바마 행정부가 바꿀 의도는 없다&#8221;고 밝혔다.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 그는 &#8220;우리는 북한에서 생산된 제품을 수입하지 않을 것이라는 점을 한국에 분명히 했다&#8221;고 말했다.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 이 밖에 그는 &#8220;북한과 버마(미얀마)는 계속 역내 불안과 불안정의 원천들이 되고 있다&#8221;면서 &#8220;북한의 잘못된 정책과 도발들은 역내 안정과 글로벌 안보에 위협&#8221;이라고 거듭 지적했다.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 그는 미국은 평화적 방법을 통한 한반도의 검증가능한 비핵화 성취를 위해 6자회담 참가국들과 긴밀한 노력을 벌이고 있다면서 &#8220;북한의 우라늄농축프로그램은 약속 및 의무 위반이라는 점을 북한에 분명히 하도록 파트너들과 긴밀히 협력하고 있다&#8221;고 전했다.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; <A href="mailto:jh@yna.co.kr"><FONT color=#252525>jh@yna.co.kr</FONT></A><BR></p>
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		<title>[광우병] 이탈리아 2번째 인간광우병 환자 사망 (44세 여성)</title>
		<link>http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&#038;p=2543</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 07 Jan 2011 09:49:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>건강과대안</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[광우병]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[식품 · 의약품]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[44세 여성]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[미국산 쇠고기 수입]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[오바마]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[이명박]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[이탈리아]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[인간광우병]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[촛불시위]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[한미FTA]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[伊서 인간광우병으로 두 번째 사망…ANSA통신뉴시스 &#124; 정진탄 &#124; 입력 2011.01.07 01:36 &#124;【서울=뉴시스】정진탄 기자 = 이탈리아에서 두 번째로 인간광우병(vCJD) 사망자가 발생했다고 현지 ANSA통신이 6일 보도했다. 이 통신에 따르면 리보르노 [...]]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><P>伊서 인간광우병으로 두 번째 사망…ANSA통신<BR><BR>뉴시스 | 정진탄 | 입력 2011.01.07 01:36 |<BR><BR>【서울=뉴시스】정진탄 기자 = 이탈리아에서 두 번째로 인간광우병(vCJD) 사망자가 발생했다고 현지 ANSA통신이 6일 보도했다. </P><br />
<P>이 통신에 따르면 리보르노 지역 출신 44세 여성이 지난해 7월 인간광우병 투병 말기 상태에서 이 지역 한 호스피스에 입원했으며 이 호스피스는 5일 이 환자가 사망했다고 전했다. </P><br />
<P>이탈리아 첫 번째 인간광우병 사망자는 2003년에 있었으며 당시 시칠리아 여성이 1년여 동안 투병하다가 사망했다. </P><br />
<P>한편 지난 10년 동안 전 세계적으로 인간광우병은 275건 발생했으며 이 가운데 영국에서 170건, 이스라엘에서 56건, 프랑스에서 25건 발생했다고 ANSA통신은 보도했다. </P><br />
<P><A href="mailto:chchtan7982@newsis.com">chchtan7982@newsis.com</A>&nbsp; <BR><BR>==============================<BR><BR></P><br />
<P class=source>The Canadian Press &#8211; ONLINE EDITION</P><br />
<H1 class=top_head>Woman&#8217;s death in northern Italy is nation&#8217;s 2nd fatal case of mad cow disease;</H1><br />
<P class="byline first_byline">By: <SPAN>The Associated Press</SPAN> </P><br />
<P class="byline second_byline"><SPAN class=updated>6/01/2011 8:12 AM<BR><BR>출처 : <A href="http://www.brandonsun.com/world/breaking-news/womans-death-in-northern-italy-is-nations-2nd-fatal-case-of-mad-cow-disease-113003549.html?viewAllComments=y">http://www.brandonsun.com/world/breaking-news/womans-death-in-northern-italy-is-nations-2nd-fatal-case-of-mad-cow-disease-113003549.html?viewAllComments=y</A><BR><BR></P><br />
<P>ROME &#8211; A hospital in northern Italy says an Italian woman has died of mad cow disease, the nation&#8217;s second victim of the brain-wasting illness.</P><br />
<P>The woman, in her mid-40s, had been in Livorno hospital since July for treatment of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, as the illness is formally known. Italy&#8217;s first victim of it was a Sicilian woman who died in 2002.</P><br />
<P>An Italian agriculture lobby, Coldiretti, is insisting Thursday that the latest death shouldn&#8217;t scare meat consumers, since rigid controls of cows to be butchered have been in effect in Italy since 2001. Livorno hospital officials have said the woman probably contracted the illness in the 1990s. Experts believe the human form of the illness comes from eating meat of infected animals.</P><br />
<P class="byline second_byline"><BR></SPAN><BR></P></p>
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		<title>[한미 FTA/광우병] “한국, FTA 미의회 비준전 쇠고기 양보할것”</title>
		<link>http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&#038;p=2419</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Dec 2010 09:54:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>건강과대안</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[광우병]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[식품 · 의약품]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[30개월 이상]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[막스 보커스]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[밀실협상]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[세계화]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[쇠고기]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[신자유주의]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[오바마]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[이명박]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[재협상]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[한미FTA]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[“한국, FTA 미의회 비준전 쇠고기 양보할것” 미 통상전문지 보도…“오바마, 계속논의 원해”&#160;&#160;&#160; 정은주 기자 출처 : 한겨레 2010-12-19 오후 07:35:55 http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/economy/economy_general/454580.html 버락 오바마 미국 대통령이 한-미 자유무역협정(FTA)의 의회 비준을 [...]]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><P>“한국, FTA 미의회 비준전 쇠고기 양보할것” <BR>미 통상전문지 보도…“오바마, 계속논의 원해”&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp; 정은주 기자 <BR><BR>출처 : 한겨레 2010-12-19 오후 07:35:55 <BR><A href="http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/economy/economy_general/454580.html">http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/economy/economy_general/454580.html</A><BR></P><br />
<P>버락 오바마 미국 대통령이 한-미 자유무역협정(FTA)의 의회 비준을 앞두고 한국의 쇠고기 시장 전면 개방 문제를 한국 정부와 계속 협의할 것이라고 미국 무역대표부(USTR)가 전했다. <BR>드미트리어스 머랜티스 미 무역대표부 부대표는 16일(현지시각) 미국 경제단체 관계자들에게 재협상 결과를 브리핑하면서 “쇠고기 협상은 재협상 결과에 포함되지 않았지만 (오바마) 대통령이 한국 정부와 계속 논의하길 원한다는 입장을 분명히 했다. 문제를 해결할 수 있도록 행정부에 시간과 공간을 달라”고 말했다고, 미 통상전문지 <인사이드 유에스 트레이드>가 17일 보도했다. 미 행정부는 또 협정 비준의 주요 관문인 상원 재무위원회의 위원장인 맥스 보커스 의원(민주당)을 만족시키지 않고서는 의회비준 절차를 밟지 않을 것으로 보인다고 덧붙였다. 보커스 의원은 쇠고기 주산지인 몬태나주 출신으로 기회가 있을 때마다 한국의 쇠고기 시장 전면 개방을 주문해왔다. </P><br />
<P>이에 오바마 행정부는 한-미 자유무역협정 이행법안을 미 의회에 제출하기 직전에 한국 쪽이 결국 쇠고기 시장도 양보할 것으로 보고 있다고 <인사이드 유에스 트레이드>가 전했다. </P><br />
<P>2008년 4월 이명박 대통령의 첫 방미 때 한국 정부는 미국산 쇠고기 수입 전면 허용과 검역 주권의 포기에 합의하고, 이를 반영한 수입위생조건을 채택했다. 이에 촛불집회로 국민적 저항이 일었고 ‘한국민의 신뢰가 회복될 때까지’라는 전제조건을 붙여 30개월령 이상의 미국산 쇠고기 수입은 한시적으로 제한됐다. 이후 미국은 애초 합의대로 한국의 쇠고기 시장을 전면 개방하라고 집요하게 요구하고 있다. 오바마 대통령도 지난 4일 기자회견에서 “우리는 한국 정부와 (한-미 자유무역협정 재협상) 합의를 이행하고, 한국 쇠고기 시장을 완전 개방하는 문제 등을 지속적으로 논의할 방침”이라고 밝힌 바 있다. </P><br />
<P>한편 미 무역대표부는 내년 1월 말이나 2월 초까지 자유무역협정 재협상 결과를 법률적 효력이 있는 합의서로 작성하는 작업을 마무리하고 곧이어 재협상 결과를 평가·분석한 자문위원회 보고서를 의회에 낼 계획이다. 정은주 기자 <A href="mailto:ejung@hani.co.kr">ejung@hani.co.kr</A> </P><br />
<P>&nbsp;</P></p>
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		<title>[한미 FTA] 한·미 FTA 재협상 결과 조문화 작업 실무회의</title>
		<link>http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&#038;p=2409</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 15 Dec 2010 16:40:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>건강과대안</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[세계화 · 자유무역]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[세계화]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[시애틀]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[신자유주의]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[오바마]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[외교통상부]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[이명박]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[재협상]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[조문화작업]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[한미FTA]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[제목 : 한·미 FTA 추가협상 결과 조문화 작업 실무회의 개최출처 : 외교통상부 보도자료 2010년 12월 15일http://www.mofat.go.kr/press/pressinformation/index.jsp?sp=/webmodule/htsboard/hbd/hbdread.jsp%3Fboardid=235%26typeID=6%26tableName=TYPE_DATABOARD%26seqno=330930 담당부서 외교부 > FTA정책국 > FTA이행과 조회수 50 게시일 2010-12-15 14:02 부서명 [...]]]></description>
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<TD class=board_title01 width="70%" align=middle><SPAN tabIndex=0>제목 : 한·미 FTA 추가협상 결과 조문화 작업 실무회의 개최<BR><BR>출처 : 외교통상부 보도자료 2010년 12월 15일<BR><A href="http://www.mofat.go.kr/press/pressinformation/index.jsp?sp=/webmodule/htsboard/hbd/hbdread.jsp%3Fboardid=235%26typeID=6%26tableName=TYPE_DATABOARD%26seqno=330930">http://www.mofat.go.kr/press/pressinformation/index.jsp?sp=/webmodule/htsboard/hbd/hbdread.jsp%3Fboardid=235%26typeID=6%26tableName=TYPE_DATABOARD%26seqno=330930</A><BR></SPAN></TD></TR><br />
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<TD class=write_con01>외교부 > FTA정책국 > FTA이행과</TD><br />
<TD class=board_title width="15%" align=middle><STRONG>조회수</STRONG></TD><br />
<TD class=write_con01 width="35%">50</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR><br />
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<TD class=write_con01>2010-12-15 14:02</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR><br />
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<TD class=write_con01>외교부 > FTA정책국 > FTA이행과</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR><br />
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									2010-12-15 14:02
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<TD class=board_title>전화번호</TD><br />
<TD class=write_con01>02-2100-8113</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR><br />
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<P><FONT size=2 face=Verdana><IMG style="WIDTH: 586px; HEIGHT: 98px" alt="" src="http://www.mofat.go.kr/webmodule/htsboard/hbd/include/image/111/new_pressrelease_img_0121.gif" width=582 height=98><BR><BR>제 10-703 호&nbsp;&nbsp; 문의: 한·미 FTA 이행팀(☎:2100-8113)&nbsp;&nbsp; 배포일시: 2010.12.15(수)</FONT></P><br />
<P><FONT size=2 face=Verdana><STRONG><U>제 목 : 한·미 FTA 추가협상 결과 조문화 작업 실무회의 개최</U></STRONG></FONT></P><br />
<P><FONT size=2 face=Verdana>☐ 한·미 FTA 추가협상 결과 작성된 “합의 요지”의 내용을 구체적 법률 문안으로 작성하기 위한 실무회의가 2010.12.17(금)~12.19(일)간(현지시각) 미국 시애틀에서 개최될 예정입니다.</FONT></P><br />
<P><FONT size=2 face=Verdana>&nbsp; ㅇ 우리측은 최석영 외교통상부 FTA교섭대표, 미측은 웬디 커틀러(Wendy Cutler) USTR 대표보를 수석대표로 하는 대표단 참석. &nbsp;끝.</FONT></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></p>
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		<title>[한미 FTA ] 오바마-이명박, FTA 타결 전 심야통화</title>
		<link>http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&#038;p=2403</link>
		<comments>http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&#038;p=2403#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 10 Dec 2010 16:45:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>건강과대안</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[세계화 · 자유무역]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[김종훈]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[론 커크]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[세계화]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[신자유주의]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[오바마]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[이명박]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[자동차]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[재협상]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[프로먼]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[한미FTA]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&#038;p=2403</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[&#8220;한미정상, FTA타결前 심야통화&#8221;연합뉴스 &#124; 입력 2010.12.10 15:24 &#124; 수정 2010.12.10 15:56 한미FTA, 오바마 경제공약 달성 `첫걸음&#8217; (서울=연합뉴스) 이승관 기자 = 버락 오바마 미국 대통령은 한미 FTA(자유무역협정) 추가 협상이 [...]]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><P>&#8220;한미정상, FTA타결前 심야통화&#8221;<블룸버그><BR>연합뉴스 | 입력 2010.12.10 15:24 | 수정 2010.12.10 15:56 </P><br />
<P><BR>한미FTA, 오바마 경제공약 달성 `첫걸음&#8217; </P><br />
<P><BR>(서울=연합뉴스) 이승관 기자 = 버락 오바마 미국 대통령은 한미 FTA(자유무역협정) 추가 협상이 진행중이던 지난 1일 오후 이명박 대통령에게 직접 전화를 걸어 협상 타결의 중요성을 거듭 강조했던 것으로 알려졌다. </P><br />
<P>블룸버그 통신은 9일 이번 협상에 관여했던 익명의 백악관 참모 등을 인용, 이달초 미국 메릴랜드주의 한 호텔에서 열렸던 한미 FTA 추가 협상의 `막전막후&#8217;를 소개했다.</P><br />
<P>보도에 따르면 추가 협상 초기였던 지난 1일 양측이 자동차 관세부문에서 합의점을 찾지 못하자 티머시 가이트너 재무장관은 자동차업계를 대표하는 포드자동차의 앨런 멀랠리 최고경영자(CEO)를 자신의 집무실로 불렀다. </P><br />
<P>로런스 서머스 국가경제위원회(NEC) 의장도 동참한 그 자리에서 가이트너 장관 등은 멀랠리 CEO에게 2.5%의 관세 폐지 시한을 5년 유예하는 방안을 받아들일 수 있느냐고 물었고, 멀랠리 CEO는 전미자동차노조(UAW)와 하원 세입세출위원회 의원들과 상의를 해야 한다면서 자리를 떴다. </P><br />
<P>그리고 같은날 오후 론 커크 미국 무역대표부(USTR) 대표와 마이클 프로먼 백악관 국가안보회의 경제부보좌관은 오바마 대통령에게 멀랠리 CEO와 노조, 하원 의원들이 정부측 제안을 받아들였다는 낭보를 전하게 된다. </P><br />
<P>이에 오바마 대통령은 오후 10시 30분 이 대통령에게 전화를 걸어 이런 소식을 전했고 1시간 가까이 이어진 통화에서 오바마 대통령은 양국간 전략적 동맹에서 한미 FTA가 얼마나 중요한지를 거듭 강조했으나 이 대통령은 애매모호한 반응을 보였던 것으로 알려졌다. </P><br />
<P>이어 이튿날인 2일 오전 협상이 다시 교착상태에 빠지자 프로먼 부보좌관은 밖에서 담배를 피우고 있던 김종훈 통상교섭본부장에게 함께 산책할 것을 권유, `최종 담판&#8217;에 나섰다. </P><br />
<P>프로먼 부보좌관은 김 본부장에게 협상이 실패할 경우 한국 정부가 미국과의 동맹을 한단계 높일 수 있는 기회를 놓칠 수 있다고 경고했으나 김 본부장도 몇가지 추가 조건을 내걸었으며, 같은날 밤늦게 프로먼 보좌관은 아프가니스탄으로 향하는 `에어포스원&#8217;에 협상 타결을 알리는 이메일을 보냈다고 블룸버그는 전했다. </P><br />
<P>한편 블룸버그 통신은 이번 한미 FTA는 재임기간 수출규모를 2배로 늘려 일자리를 늘리고 경제를 살리겠다는 오바마 대통령의 공약을 달성하기 위한 `첫걸음&#8217;의 의미가 있다고 평가했다. </P><br />
<P>특히 미국이 파나마, 콜롬비아와의 FTA 협상을 진행중이고 베트남과 말레이시아와의 협상을 앞둔 상황에서 오바마 대통령은 한미 FTA에 대한 광범위한 지지가 도움이 될 것으로 기대하고 있다고 블룸버그는 분석했다. </P><br />
<P>실제 프리먼 부보좌관은 오바마 대통령이 한미 FTA 협상을 새로운 무역협상의 모델로 여기고 있다고 말했다. </P><br />
<P><A href="mailto:humane@yna.co.kr">humane@yna.co.kr</A> </P><br />
<P>(끝) </P></p>
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		<title>[한미FTA] 한.미FTA 타결, 한국의 입장 변화 때문(WSJ)</title>
		<link>http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&#038;p=2397</link>
		<comments>http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&#038;p=2397#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 09 Dec 2010 10:25:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>건강과대안</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[광우병]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[세계화 · 자유무역]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[G20]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[&#8220;한.미FTA 타결, 한국의 입장 변화 때문&#8221;출처 : 노컷뉴스 입력 2010.12.09 05:40 WSJ &#8220;한국, 北도발 이후 미국과의 동맹관계 고려&#8221;[워싱턴=CBS 박종률 특파원] 지난주 한.미 자유무역협정(FTA)이 전격 타결된 것은 한국 정부가 [...]]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><H3>&#8220;한.미FTA 타결, 한국의 입장 변화 때문&#8221;</H3><SPAN class=artical_date>출처 : 노컷뉴스 입력 2010.12.09 05:40</SPAN> <BR><BR>WSJ &#8220;한국, 北도발 이후 미국과의 동맹관계 고려&#8221;<BR><BR><BR><B>[워싱턴=CBS 박종률 특파원]</B> 지난주 한.미 자유무역협정(FTA)이 전격 타결된 것은 한국 정부가 북한의 연평도 도발 이후 미국과의 동맹관계를 고려해 기존의 강경입장을 바꿨기 때문이라고 월스트리트저널이 8일(현지시간) 보도했다.<BR><BR>WSJ는 양국이 이번에 합의한 FTA 내용은 지난달 버락 오바마 미국 대통령의 방한 때 한국 측이 논의조차 거부했던 것이라면서, 이같은 한국의 입장 변화는 놀라움을 넘어서는 것이라고 평가했다.<BR><BR>신문은 이와 관련해 지난달 서울을 방문했던 미국 협상단은 전미자동차노조(UAW), 포드자동차, 자동차 생산지역 출신의원들의 요구에 따라 한국산 자동차에 대한 관세철폐 기한을 3~4년 유예하는 방안을 논의하려 했다고 전했다.<BR><BR>그러나 당시 한국 측은 11.2 중간선거 패배로 입지가 좁아진 오바마 대통령이 한.미 FTA 타결을 위해 거의 무엇이든지 받아들일 것으로 판단해 자동차 관세 문제에 대한 논의를 거부했다고 신문은 소개했다.<BR><BR>이에 오바마 대통령도 (선거 패배에도 불구하고) 자신이 약해지지 않았다는 점을 보여주기 위해 협상을 중단했다고 WSJ는 덧붙였다.<BR><BR>WSJ는 하지만 지난주 미국에서 재개된 협상에서는 분위기가 반전됐다면서, 한국 측은 (지난달 협상 실패로) 미국과의 동맹관계 전반이 위험에 처해 있다고 우려하는 듯 보였고, 그같은 우려가 북한의 연평도 도발로 더욱 증폭되면서 결국 한국은 미국과의 강력한 동맹에 초점을 맞추게 됐다고 분석했다.<BR><BR>이에 따라 한미 정상은 협상의 세부내용 보다는 무역과 관련한 새로운 국제적 컨센서스를 위한 확고한 합의를 보여주는 것이 중요하다고 결정한 것으로 보이며, 그 결과 한국은 미국의 자동차 관련 요구를 `놀라울 정도로 수용해` 당초 미국이 제시했던 것보다 늘어난 5년간의 관세철폐 기한 유예에 합의했다고 WSJ는 전했다.<BR><BR>신문은 이 같은 내용의 협상 성공으로 UAW 등 한.미 FTA 반대파들도 협상을 지지하고 있고, 결과적으로 그동안 많은 도박에서 돈을 따지 못했던 오바마 대통령이 한국과의 거래에서는 돈을 땄을 수 있다고 평가했다.<BR><BR>반면 뉴욕타임스는 한.미 FTA 협상이 타결돼 미국 업계와 공화당으로부터 좋은 평가를 받고 있지만, 협상 타결로 단기간 내에 미국내 일자리가 늘어날 것으로 기대하는 것은 무리라고 지적했다.<BR><BR>NYT는 지난 2007년 美국제무역위원회(USITC)가 작성한 분석보고서를 인용해, 당시 보고서는 양국의 FTA로 한국에 대한 미국의 수출이 110억 달러 증가하고, 미국내 일자리도 최소한 7만개 가량 늘어날 것이라고 예상했지만, 일자리가 `새로 만들어지는 것(create)`이 아니라 일자리 창출을 `뒷받침하는 것(support)`으로 표현됐다고 강조했다.<BR>nowhere@cbs.co.kr<BR></p>
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		<title>[한EU FTA] 한미FTA 탄력받은 정부, EU와도 자동차 재협상</title>
		<link>http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&#038;p=2394</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 08 Dec 2010 14:15:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>건강과대안</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[광우병]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[세계화 · 자유무역]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[관세]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[밀실협상]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[세계화]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[쇠고기]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[신자유주의]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[오바마]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[이명박]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[자동차]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[재협상]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[한미FTA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[햔EU FTA]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[한미FTA 탄력받은 정부, EU와도 자동차 재협상 미국산 유럽차도 관세혜택 클 듯 출처 : 프레시안 기사입력 2010-12-08 오후 1:24:11http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=30101208121401&#038;section=02정부가 미국에 이어 유럽연합(EU)과도 자동차 부문 자유무역협정(FTA) 재협상을 시작한다.8일 최석영 통상교섭본부 [...]]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>한미FTA 탄력받은 정부, EU와도 자동차 재협상<!--/DCM_TITLE--><!--KWCM_TITLE_END_1--><br />
<H4>미국산 유럽차도 관세혜택 클 듯</H4><br />
<P class=inputdate>출처 : 프레시안 기사입력 2010-12-08 오후 1:24:11<BR><A href="http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=30101208121401&#038;section=02">http://www.pressian.com/article/article.asp?article_num=30101208121401&#038;section=02</A><BR><BR>정부가 미국에 이어 유럽연합(EU)과도 자동차 부문 자유무역협정(FTA) 재협상을 시작한다.<BR><BR>8일 최석영 통상교섭본부 FTA 교섭대표는 기자회견을 열어 &#8220;그 부분(자동차협상 재개)은 EU와 협의 중인 부분&#8221;이라며 &#8220;이산화탄소, 연비와 관련된 국내 환경부 고시안에 대한 발표가 나간 후 EU에서 지속적으로 문제를 제기해 왔다&#8221;고 말했다. 협상 재개 시기는 이달 안으로 알려졌다.<BR><BR>이와 관련해, 통상교섭본부는 &#8220;한미 FTA와 별개 사안인 자동차 연비와 이산화탄소 기준 도입 문제에 대해서는 미국뿐만 아니라 EU 측도 지속적으로 우려를 제기해 온 사안&#8221;이라고 설명했다.<BR><BR>그러나 최 대표는 &#8220;그 외에 다른 부분에서 협정문에 대해 (수정하는) 협상을 한다는 보도가 나갔다면 그것은 오보&#8221;라고 선을 그었다.<BR><BR><B>정부 &#8220;자동차 관세, 최혜국 대우 대상 아냐&#8221;<BR><BR></B>정부는 특히 한미 FTA 재협상 결과 EU가 형평성을 이유로 &#8216;미래 최혜국 대우 조항&#8217; 카드를 꺼내들어 재협상을 요구할 경우 받아줘야만 한다는 언론보도와 관련해 &#8220;사실과 다르다&#8221;며 민감한 반응을 보였다.<BR><BR>정부는 &#8220;한-EU FTA에서 자동차 분야의 최혜국 대우는 국내 조세 기준 및 배출기준에 한정돼 있다&#8221;며 &#8220;관세철폐시기 조정은 최혜국 대우의 대상이 아니다&#8221;라고 강조했다. 또 &#8220;정부는 한미 FTA 재협상 합의 결과 협정문 수정을 수반하는 경우가 발생한다면 그 부분은 EU와도 추가협의를 해야 한다고 언급한 적이 없다&#8221;고 강조했다.<BR><BR>한편 최 대표는 한미 FTA 재협상을 비판하는 기사들에 대해 민감한 반응을 보였다. 일부 질문에 대해서는 &#8220;사과를 받고 싶다&#8221;며 격앙된 모습을 보이기도 했다.<BR><BR>그는 &#8220;(언론들이) 이번에 &#8216;재협상&#8217;이라고 말씀하시는데 우리는 &#8216;추가협상&#8217;이라고 말씀을 드리고 싶다&#8221;며 협정문 본문을 수정하는 게 아닌 만큼 이번 협상을 확대해석하지 말아달라는 입장을 전달했다.<BR><BR>그러나 한미 FTA 범국본의 송기호 변호사는 &#8220;서한교환(exchange of letters) 형식으로 별도의 합의문서를 만들었다고 해도 2007년 협정문의 내용에 큰 변화가 오는데 재협상이 아니라면 어불성설&#8221;이라며 &#8220;정부가 국회에서 기존 협정문을 물리는 절차를 밟은 후, 새 협정문을 다시 들고 비준 동의를 받아야 한다&#8221;고 지적했다.<BR><BR>최 대표는 국회 비준 절차에 대해 &#8220;기존 협정문과 새 협정문을 합쳐서 비준 동의를 추진하는 방법과 원 협정문은 그대로 두고 새 협정문을 상임위에 통과시킨 후 두 개의 협정문을 본 회의에서 한꺼번에 통과시키는 방법이 있다&#8221;며 &#8220;두 가지 방안 중 정부가 정확한 입장을 정한 것은 아니다&#8221;라고 했다.<BR><BR><B>&#8220;미국산 유럽·일본차, FTA 혜택 입을 수 있어&#8221;<BR><BR></B>최 대표는 또 &#8220;자동차 부문 특별 세이프가드 발동 요건으로 미국은 &#8216;심각한 피해(serious damage)&#8217;를 넣은 반면 한국은 발표하지 않았다&#8221;는 지적에 대해 &#8220;백악관에서 나온 문서는 잘못돼 우리가 미국 측에 정정 요청을 했다&#8221;며 &#8220;&#8216;심각한 피해&#8217;라는 단어는 합의된 바 없다&#8221;고 해명했다.<BR><BR>한미 FTA 발효로 인해 미국에서 생산되는 유럽, 일본차의 국내 시장 진출이 늘어나는 것 아니냐는 지적에 대해서는 &#8220;관세혜택과 환경기준, 안전기준에서 혜택을 받을 수 있다&#8221;고 인정하면서도 &#8220;미국에서 만들어지는 일본차와 유럽차의 생산이 그리 급증하지는 않을 것으로 판단한다&#8221;고 말했다.<BR><BR>한미 서해연합훈련 기간인 지난달 말에 협상을 시작한 이유에 대해서는 &#8220;미국의 정치일정으로 볼 때 내년 9월부터는 대선체제로 들어간다&#8221;며 &#8220;무역 이슈가 미국 정치권에서 다뤄질 수 있는 시간적 기회가 내년 상반기 뿐&#8221;이었다고 말했다.<BR><BR>또 &#8220;(무역 부문에 관대한) 공화당 내에서도 티파티가 약진하고 있다&#8221;며 &#8220;무역 이슈를 지지하던 공화당의 기존 기조에 상당한 이탈이 있을 수 있다는 우려가 있었다&#8221;고 덧붙였다.<BR><BR>결국 &#8216;한미 FTA는 반드시 필요하다&#8217;는 정부의 필요성 때문에 국내 반발을 무릅쓰고서도 미묘한 시기에 재협상을 시작했다는 말이다. 최 대표는 실제 &#8220;(야당의 비판이 있으리라는) 생각을 안 한 것은 아니지만 그것 때문에 통상협상 일정이 영향을 받아서는 안 된다고 생각했다&#8221;고 해명했다.<BR><BR>한편 기자회견에 참석한 한 언론사 기자가 교섭절차에 대해 &#8220;한국은 (의회가 무역협상촉진권한을 정부에 위임하는) 미국과 통상 절차가 달라 의회의 통제를 상대적으로 약하게 받지 않느냐, (결국 의회의 통제력이 약한 만큼) 김종훈 통상교섭본부장과 최 대표는 국민으로부터 대표성을 강하게 위임받지는 않은 것 아니냐&#8221;고 묻자 최 대표는 &#8220;절대로 동의할 수 없다&#8221;며 &#8220;이 자리에서 사과를 받고 싶을 정도로 대단히 기분이 좋지 않은 발언&#8221;이라고 말했다.<BR><BR>기자의 질문 의도가 통상절차법 개정 필요성에 대한 설명을 듣고자 함이었고, 실제 한국 정부는 의회의 감시에서 벗어나 협상을 독자적으로 추진 중이라는 비판이 많음을 감안하면, 최 대표의 반응은 다소 의외로 보인다.<BR><BR></P><br />
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<TD style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 10px; LINE-HEIGHT: 23px; PADDING-LEFT: 10px; PADDING-RIGHT: 10px; FONT-SIZE: 14px; PADDING-TOP: 10px"><B>&#8220;미국은 한국인들의 쇠고기 신뢰 회복 되는 중이라고 믿어&#8221;<BR><BR></B>최 대표는 한편 &#8220;미국은 (자국 쇠고기에 대한 한국 소비자들의) 신뢰가 회복되고 있다고 판단하고 있다&#8221;며 &#8220;한국에 (쇠고기 재협상 문제를) 지속적으로 요구하는 상황&#8221;이라고 말했다.<BR><BR>다만 그는 &#8220;우리는 그렇지 않다고 판단하기 때문에 협의를 하지 않고 있다&#8221;고 설명했다.<BR><BR>이번 한미 FTA 재협상에서 미국이 쇠고기 문제까지 일괄 처리하려 할 것이라는 우려는 많았다. 실제 &#8216;비프 벨트&#8217;의 보커스 상원의원(상원 재무위원장) 등 강경파 의원들은 꾸준히 한미 FTA 재협상에서 미국산 쇠고기의 국내 수입을 늘려야 한다고 강조해 왔다.<BR><BR>최 대표는 &#8220;보커스 상원의원이 개인적 아젠다를 갖고 앞으로도 계속 그렇게 주장 할 가능성을 배제할 수는 없다&#8221;면서 &#8220;미국 행정부는 그러한 압박을 상대편(한국) 정부에 전달할 수밖에 없는 상황으로 이해하고 있다&#8221;고 밝혔다.<BR><BR>그러나 정부는 &#8220;쇠고기 문제는 협상 대상이 아니다&#8221;라는 기본 입장을 고수하고 있다. 지난 2008년 촛불시위로 큰 정치적 타격을 입은 만큼, 다시 모험을 하기는 어렵다는 판단으로 보인다. 정부는 또 미국 축산업계에 대해서도 &#8220;현재 미국산 쇠고기의 한국 수출이 증가하고 있기 때문에 한국 소비자에게 부정적인 자극을 주는 것은 적절치 않다는 입장&#8221;이라고 설명했다.<BR><BR>쇠고기 문제를 재협상 할 2008년 당시 한미 양국은 민간자율규제방식으로 미국산 쇠고기 수입월령을 30개월령 미만으로 제한하며 &#8220;한국 소비자의 신뢰가 회복될 경우&#8221; 월령제한을 풀기로 합의했다.<BR><BR>&#8216;소비자의 신뢰 회복&#8217;이 매우 모호한 점을 미뤄볼 때, 미국이 &#8216;한국의 신뢰가 회복 중&#8217;이라고 강조하고 나선 것은 눈여겨볼만한 대목이다. </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><br />
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