www.healthmetricsandevaluation.org/

시애틀 소재 워싱턴대학교 부설 연구소. 2011년 건강영향측정평가연구소(IHME)에서 펴낸 보고서에서 “미국은 1인당 보건의료에 투자하는 비용이 어느 나라보다도 높지만 평균 예상 수명은 30위권 이하인 것”으로 나타났으며,  2008년 기준으로 미국의 보건의료 지출은 2조3000억달러 이상이며 1인당 7681달러를 쓴 것으로 조사된 바 있다.

* Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) 장애보정수명
http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/metrics_daly/en/

[참고] Life, Not Death, is Focus of New Health Metrics
http://discovermagazine.com/2013/julyaug/18-international-health-metric-measures-years-lost

Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990—2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010

The Lancet, Volume 380, Issue 9859, Pages 2197 – 2223, 15 December 2012
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(12)61689-4/abstract

Prof Christopher J L Murray MD f †‡, Prof Theo Vos PhD b, Prof Rafael Lozano MD f, Mohsen Naghavi PhD f, Abraham D Flaxman PhD f, Catherine Michaud MD j, Prof Majid Ezzati PhD k, Prof Kenji Shibuya MD m, Prof Joshua A Salomon PhD p, Safa Abdalla MBBS v *, Prof Victor Aboyans MD w *, Jerry Abraham MPH x *, Ilana Ackerman PhD ac *, Prof Rakesh Aggarwal MD ad *, Stephanie Y Ahn MPH f *, Mohammed K Ali MBChB af *, Mohammad A AlMazroa MD ag *, Miriam Alvarado BA f *, Prof H Ross Anderson MD ah *, Laurie M Anderson PhD g *, Kathryn G Andrews MPH f *, Charles Atkinson BS f *, Prof Larry M Baddour MD ai *, Adil N Bahalim MEng aj *, Suzanne Barker-Collo PhD ak *, Lope H Barrero ScD al *, David H Bartels BA u *, Prof Maria-Gloria Basáñez PhD l *, Amanda Baxter MPH a *, Prof Michelle L Bell PhD an *, Prof Emelia J Benjamin MD ap *, Derrick Bennett PhD aq *, Eduardo Bernabé PhD as *, Kavi Bhalla PhD u *, Bishal Bhandari MSc aw *, Boris Bikbov MD ax *, Aref Bin Abdulhak MD ay *, Prof Gretchen Birbeck MD az *, James A Black MPhil ba *, Hannah Blencowe MBChB bb *, Jed D Blore PhD b *, Fiona Blyth PhD bg *, Ian Bolliger AB f *, Audrey Bonaventure MD bh *, Soufiane Boufous PhD bi *, Prof Rupert Bourne MD bl *, Michel Boussinesq MD bm *, Tasanee Braithwaite BMBCh bn *, Prof Carol Brayne MD bo *, Lisa Bridgett PhD bg *, Prof Simon Brooker DPhil bb *, Prof Peter Brooks MD ac *, Prof Traolach S Brugha MD bp *, Claire Bryan-Hancock BPsych bq *, Chiara Bucello BPsyc bk *, Prof Rachelle Buchbinder MBBS br *, Geoffrey Buckle MPH bu *, Christine M Budke PhD bw *, Michael Burch MD bx *, Prof Peter Burney MD l *, Roy Burstein BA f *, Bianca Calabria BPsych bj *, Benjamin Campbell BA f *, Prof Charles E Canter MD by *, Prof Hélène Carabin PhD bz *, Prof Jonathan Carapetis MBBS ca *, Loreto Carmona MD cc *, Claudia Cella PharmChemD cd *, Fiona Charlson MPH b *, Honglei Chen PhD ce *, Prof Andrew Tai-Ann Cheng MD cf *, David Chou BA f *, Prof Sumeet S Chugh MD ch *, Luc E Coffeng MD cj *, Prof Steven D Colan MD s *, Samantha Colquhoun MPH ck *, K Ellicott Colson BA f *, John Condon PhD ck *, Myles D Connor PhD cn cl cm *, Prof Leslie T Cooper MD co *, Matthew Corriere MD cp *, Monica Cortinovis BiotechD cd *, Karen Courville de Vaccaro MD cq *, Prof William Couser MD i *, Benjamin C Cowie MBBS cr *, Prof Michael H Criqui MD cs *, Marita Cross PhD bg *, Kaustubh C Dabhadkar MBBS af *, Manu Dahiya BDS av *, Nabila Dahodwala MD ct *, James Damsere-Derry MPH cu *, Goodarz Danaei MD p *, Prof Adrian Davis PhD cv *, Prof Diego De Leo DSc cy *, Prof Louisa Degenhardt PhD aa bj *, Robert Dellavalle MD cz *, Allyne Delossantos BS f *, Julie Denenberg MA cs *, Sarah Derrett PhD da *, Don C Des Jarlais PhD db *, Prof Samath D Dharmaratne MBBS f dc *, Mukesh Dherani PhD dd *, Cesar Diaz-Torne MD de *, Prof Helen Dolk DrPH df *, E Ray Dorsey MD bv *, Tim Driscoll PhD bf *, Herbert Duber MD i *, Beth Ebel MD i *, Karen Edmond PhD bb *, Alexis Elbaz MD bh *, Suad Eltahir Ali Mcs dg *, Holly Erskine BPsySc a *, Patricia J Erwin MLS ai *, Patricia Espindola MD dh *, Stalin E Ewoigbokhan MPH di *, Farshad Farzadfar MD dk *, Prof Valery Feigin MD dl *, Prof David T Felson MD ao *, Alize Ferrari BPsySc a *, Cleusa P Ferri PhD do *, Eric M Fèvre PhD cm *, Mariel M Finucane PhD o *, Seth Flaxman BA dp *, Louise Flood MBBS bq *, Kyle Foreman MPH l *, Mohammad H Forouzanfar MD f *, Prof Francis Gerry R Fowkes FRCPE cm *, Marlene Fransen PhD bd *, Michael K Freeman BA f *, Belinda J Gabbe PhD bs *, Prof Sherine E Gabriel MD ai *, Emmanuela Gakidou PhD f *, Hammad A Ganatra MBBS af *, Bianca Garcia MPH e *, Flavio Gaspari ChemD cd *, Prof Richard F Gillum MD dr *, Prof Gerhard Gmel PhD ds *, Diego Gonzalez-Medina BA f *, Prof Richard Gosselin MD du *, Rebecca Grainger PhD da *, Bridget Grant PhD ej *, Justina Groeger MPH dv *, Prof Francis Guillemin MD dy *, Prof David Gunnell DSc dz *, Ramyani Gupta MSc ah *, Juanita Haagsma PhD cj *, Prof Holly Hagan PhD ea *, Yara A Halasa DDS eb *, Prof Wayne Hall PhD e *, Diana Haring BS f *, Josep Maria Haro MD ec *, Prof James E Harrison MBBS bq *, Rasmus Havmoeller MD cg ed *, Prof Roderick J Hay DM at *, Hideki Higashi PhD b *, Catherine Hill MBBS ee *, Prof Bruno Hoen MD ef eg *, Howard Hoffman MA eh *, Prof Peter J Hotez MD ek *, Damian Hoy PhD bt *, John J Huang MD an *, Sydney E Ibeanusi MBBS el *, Kathryn H Jacobsen PhD em *, Spencer L James MPH f *, Deborah Jarvis FFPH l *, Rashmi Jasrasaria BA f *, Sudha Jayaraman MD t *, Nicole Johns BA f *, Prof Jost B Jonas MD en *, Ganesan Karthikeyan MD eo *, Nicholas Kassebaum MD h *, Prof Norito Kawakami MD n *, Prof Andre Keren MD ep *, Jon-Paul Khoo MBBS a *, Prof Charles H King MD eq *, Lisa Marie Knowlton MD r *, Olive Kobusingye MMed er es *, Adofo Koranteng MSc et *, Rita Krishnamurthi PhD dm *, Francine Laden ScD p *, Prof Ratilal Lalloo PhD cw cx *, Laura L Laslett MMedSci eu *, Tim Lathlean MA bq *, Janet L Leasher OD ev *, Yong Yi Lee MHEcon b *, James Leigh MBBS bf *, Daphna Levinson PhD ew *, Stephen S Lim PhD f *, Elizabeth Limb MSc ah *, John Kent Lin AB p *, Michael Lipnick MD du *, Prof Steven E Lipshultz MD ex *, Wei Liu MD q *, Maria Loane MSc df *, Summer Lockett Ohno BA f *, Prof Ronan Lyons MD ey *, Jacqueline Mabweijano MMed ez *, Michael F MacIntyre EdM f *, Prof Reza Malekzadeh MD dj *, Leslie Mallinger MPH f *, Sivabalan Manivannan ScM bu *, Prof Wagner Marcenes PhD aw *, Prof Lyn March MD be *, Prof David J Margolis MD ct *, Prof Guy B Marks PhD bg *, Prof Robin Marks MBBS ac *, Akira Matsumori MD fa *, Richard Matzopoulos MPhil fb fe *, Prof Bongani M Mayosi DPhil fe *, John H McAnulty MD ff *, Prof Mary M McDermott MD fg *, Neil McGill FRACP bg *, Prof John McGrath MD d *, Maria Elena Medina-Mora PhD fh *, Michele Meltzer MD fi *, Prof Ziad A Memish MD ag fj *, Prof George A Mensah MD fd *, Tony R Merriman PhD da *, Ana-Claire Meyer MD du *, Valeria Miglioli cd *, Matthew Miller MD p *, Ted R Miller PhD fk *, Prof Philip B Mitchell MD bk *, Prof Charles Mock MD i *, Prof Ana Olga Mocumbi MD fl fm *, Prof Terrie E Moffitt PhD fn *, Ali A Mokdad MD f *, Lorenzo Monasta DSc fo *, Marcella Montico Msc fo *, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh MD dk *, Andrew Moran MD fq *, Prof Lidia Morawska PhD fr *, Rintaro Mori MD fs *, Michele E Murdoch FRCP ft *, Michael K Mwaniki MBChB fu *, Prof Kovin Naidoo PhD fv *, M Nathan Nair MD f *, Luigi Naldi MD fw *, K M Venkat Narayan MD af *, Paul K Nelson MHSc bj *, Robert G Nelson MD ei *, Michael C Nevitt PhD dt *, Prof Charles R Newton MD ar *, Sandra Nolte PhD fx *, Prof Paul Norman MD cb *, Rosana Norman PhD b *, Martin O’Donnell PhD fy *, Simon O’Hanlon MSc l *, Casey Olives PhD i *, Saad B Omer MBBS ae *, Katrina Ortblad BA f *, Prof Richard Osborne PhD fz *, Doruk Ozgediz MD am *, Andrew Page PhD b *, Bishnu Pahari MD ga *, Jeyaraj Durai Pandian MD gb *, Andrea Panozo Rivero MD gc *, Prof Scott B Patten MD gd *, Prof Neil Pearce PhD bb *, Rogelio Perez Padilla MD ge *, Fernando Perez-Ruiz MD gf *, Norberto Perico MD cd *, Prof Konrad Pesudovs PhD bq *, David Phillips BS f *, Prof Michael R Phillips MD gg *, Kelsey Pierce BA f *, Sébastien Pion PhD bm *, Guilherme V Polanczyk MD dn *, Suzanne Polinder PhD ci *, Prof C Arden Pope PhD gi *, Svetlana Popova MD gj *, Esteban Porrini MD gk *, Farshad Pourmalek MD gl *, Prof Martin Prince MD au *, Rachel L Pullan PhD bb *, Kapa D Ramaiah PhD gm *, Dharani Ranganathan BS f *, Homie Razavi PhD gn *, Mathilda Regan MPH go *, Prof Jürgen T Rehm PhD gj *, David B Rein PhD gp *, Prof Guiseppe Remuzzi MD cd *, Kathryn Richardson MSc bo *, Prof Frederick P Rivara MD i *, Thomas Roberts BA f *, Carolyn Robinson BS du *, Felipe Rodriguez De Leòn MD gq *, Luca Ronfani PhD fo *, Prof Robin Room PhD ab gr *, Lisa C Rosenfeld MPH f *, Lesley Rushton PhD l *, Prof Ralph L Sacco MD ex *, Sukanta Saha PhD a *, Prof Uchechukwu Sampson MD gs *, Lidia Sanchez-Riera MD be *, Ella Sanman BS f *, Prof David C Schwebel PhD gt *, James Graham Scott PhD c *, Maria Segui-Gomez MD gu *, Saeid Shahraz MD eb *, Prof Donald S Shepard PhD eb *, Hwashin Shin PhD gv *, Rupak Shivakoti BA bv *, David Singh MD gw *, Gitanjali M Singh PhD p *, Jasvinder A Singh MBBS gt *, Jessica Singleton MIPH bj *, David A Sleet PhD dw *, Prof Karen Sliwa MD fc *, Emma Smith PhD bc *, Jennifer L Smith MSc bb *, Nicolas JC Stapelberg MBBS cy *, Andrew Steer MBBS y *, Prof Timothy Steiner PhD gy *, Wilma A Stolk PhD cj *, Prof Lars Jacob Stovner PhD gx *, Christopher Sudfeld ScM p *, Sana Syed MBBS gz *, Giorgio Tamburlini PhD fo *, Mohammad Tavakkoli MD p *, Prof Hugh R Taylor MD ac *, Jennifer A Taylor PhD ha *, William J Taylor PhD da *, Bernadette Thomas MD i *, Prof W Murray Thomson PhD da *, Prof George D Thurston ScD ea *, Imad M Tleyjeh MD ay *, Prof Marcello Tonelli MD hb *, Prof Jeffrey A Towbin MD hd *, Thomas Truelsen MD he *, Prof Miltiadis K Tsilimbaris MD hf *, Clotilde Ubeda MD hg *, Eduardo A Undurraga PhD eb *, Marieke J van der Werf PhD hh *, Prof Jim van Os PhD hi *, Prof Monica S Vavilala MD i *, N Venketasubramanian FRCP hj *, Mengru Wang MPH f *, Prof Wenzhi Wang MD hk *, Kerrianne Watt PhD dq *, David J Weatherall MD ar *, Prof Martin A Weinstock MD hl *, Robert Weintraub MBBS z hm *, Marc G Weisskopf PhD p *, Prof Myrna M Weissman PhD fp *, Richard A White MA p *, Prof Harvey Whiteford MBBS a *, Natasha Wiebe BMath hc *, Steven T Wiersma MD dx *, Prof James D Wilkinson MD ex *, Prof Hywel C Williams PhD hn *, Sean RM Williams MBBS ho *, Emma Witt MSc dm *, Frederick Wolfe MD hp *, Prof Anthony D Woolf MBBS hq *, Sarah Wulf MPH f *, Pon-Hsiu Yeh MS hr *, Anita KM Zaidi MBBS gz *, Prof Zhi-Jie Zheng gh *, David Zonies MD hs *, Prof Alan D Lopez PhD b †

Summary

Background

Measuring disease and injury burden in populations requires a composite metric that captures both premature mortality and the prevalence and severity of ill-health. The 1990 Global Burden of Disease study proposed disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) to measure disease burden. No comprehensive update of disease burden worldwide incorporating a systematic reassessment of disease and injury-specific epidemiology has been done since the 1990 study. We aimed to calculate disease burden worldwide and for 21 regions for 1990, 2005, and 2010 with methods to enable meaningful comparisons over time.

Methods

We calculated DALYs as the sum of years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs). DALYs were calculated for 291 causes, 20 age groups, both sexes, and for 187 countries, and aggregated to regional and global estimates of disease burden for three points in time with strictly comparable definitions and methods. YLLs were calculated from age-sex-country-time-specific estimates of mortality by cause, with death by standardised lost life expectancy at each age. YLDs were calculated as prevalence of 1160 disabling sequelae, by age, sex, and cause, and weighted by new disability weights for each health state. Neither YLLs nor YLDs were age-weighted or discounted. Uncertainty around cause-specific DALYs was calculated incorporating uncertainty in levels of all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, prevalence, and disability weights.

Findings

Global DALYs remained stable from 1990 (2·503 billion) to 2010 (2·490 billion). Crude DALYs per 1000 decreased by 23% (472 per 1000 to 361 per 1000). An important shift has occurred in DALY composition with the contribution of deaths and disability among children (younger than 5 years of age) declining from 41% of global DALYs in 1990 to 25% in 2010. YLLs typically account for about half of disease burden in more developed regions (high-income Asia Pacific, western Europe, high-income North America, and Australasia), rising to over 80% of DALYs in sub-Saharan Africa. In 1990, 47% of DALYs worldwide were from communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders, 43% from non-communicable diseases, and 10% from injuries. By 2010, this had shifted to 35%, 54%, and 11%, respectively. Ischaemic heart disease was the leading cause of DALYs worldwide in 2010 (up from fourth rank in 1990, increasing by 29%), followed by lower respiratory infections (top rank in 1990; 44% decline in DALYs), stroke (fifth in 1990; 19% increase), diarrhoeal diseases (second in 1990; 51% decrease), and HIV/AIDS (33rd in 1990; 351% increase). Major depressive disorder increased from 15th to 11th rank (37% increase) and road injury from 12th to 10th rank (34% increase). Substantial heterogeneity exists in rankings of leading causes of disease burden among regions.

Interpretation

Global disease burden has continued to shift away from communicable to non-communicable diseases and from premature death to years lived with disability. In sub-Saharan Africa, however, many communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders remain the dominant causes of disease burden. The rising burden from mental and behavioural disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, and diabetes will impose new challenges on health systems. Regional heterogeneity highlights the importance of understanding local burden of disease and setting goals and targets for the post-2015 agenda taking such patterns into account. Because of improved definitions, methods, and data, these results for 1990 and 2010 supersede all previously published Global Burden of Disease results.

Funding

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

==================================

술로 11개월, 담배로 9.4개월.. 건강壽命(수명) 축낸다

• 김기천 논설위원 kckim@chosun.com

출처 : 조선일보 2010.07.21 23:03
http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2010/07/21/2010072101937.html?Dep0=chosunnews&Dep1=hotnews&Dep2=news04

지난 1월 신라호텔에서 삼성그룹 신규 임원들을 축하하기 위한 부부 동반 만찬 행사가 있었다. 유석렬 삼성토탈 사장의 인사말에 이어 이재용 삼성전자 부사장이 건배사를 했다. 이 부사장은 “이 자리까지 온 데 대해 정말 축하드립니다. 이런 말도 있지 않습니까. 억울하면 출세하라고. 그렇지만 잘나갈 때 너무 우쭐대지는 말아야 한다고 생각합니다”고 말해 폭소를 자아냈다.

▶흔히 임원을 ‘기업의 별’이라고 한다. 삼성그룹의 임원은 웬만한 다른 그룹 CEO보다 낫다는 말이 나올 정도로 부러움의 대상이다. 일본 닛케이비즈니스도 얼마 전 특집 기사에서 삼성전자 임원들이 받는 수억~수십억원의 연봉을 “일본 기업에선 상상도 할 수 없는 액수”라고 했다. 고급 승용차, 사무실, 골프장 출입을 비롯해 임원이 되면 달라지는 게 70가지를 넘는다고 한다.

▶그러나 다른 한편에선 ‘임원’은 ‘임시 직원’의 준말이라고 할 만큼 불안한 자리다. 실적이 나쁘면 언제든지 잘릴 각오를 해야 한다. 업무 부담이 크고 스트레스도 많이 받는다. 연초에는 삼성전자의 엘리트 부사장이 스트레스에 시달리다 자살했다. 친구들과 술자리에서 어울리던 중 미국에 출장 간 사장의 전화를 받으면 밤 11시에도 다시 출근해야 하고, 신입사원 때부터 20여년간 휴가를 한 번도 가지 않았다는 임원도 있다.

▶소문으로만 떠돌던 삼성전자 임원의 연봉 수준과 퇴직 임원에 대한 처우 내용이 최근 처음으로 밝혀졌다. 작년 초 교통사고로 사망한 어느 부사장의 유족과 보험회사 사이의 소송에서 그 임원이 2008년에 급여와 상여금, 이익배분금을 합쳐 모두 10억2000여만원의 연봉을 받은 사실이 확인된 것이다. 유족들에게 나온 퇴직금도 17억원이 넘었다. 퇴직 후에도 2~3년간 계약직 임원이나 자문역으로 재직 때 연봉의 40~70%를 보장받는다는 사실도 드러났다.

▶삼성전자 부사장들이 다 연봉 10억원을 받는 것은 아니라고 한다. 사고를 당한 임원은 부사장 중에서도 고참이었고, 그가 맡고 있던 휴대전화 부문의 실적이 좋았기 때문에 특별히 많았다는 설명이다. 그렇다 해도 일반 샐러리맨들에게 10억원의 연봉은 꿈 같은 이야기가 아닐 수 없다. 소득세 등을 다 떼어가도 매월 5000만원 안팎은 받는다는 계산이니까.

“매일 3천명, 매년 100만명 자살”< WHO >

출처 : 연합뉴스  2009/09/10 09:23 
http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/international/2009/09/10/0606000000AKR20090910046000009.HTML?template=2087

(제네바 dpa=연합뉴스) 전 세계에서 매일 스스로 목숨을 끊는 사람이 3천 명에 달하며 자살을 시도한 사람 20명 중 1명은 미수에 그치는 것으로 나타났다.

   10일 ‘자살방지의 날’을 하루 앞두고 세계보건기구(WHO)가 발표한 통계에 따르면 또 지난 50년간 전 세계 자살률은 60% 증가했고 매년 100만 명이 스스로 목숨을 끊었다.

   지리학적으로는 동유럽과 러시아에서 자살률이 높았지만 자살자 수는 중국, 인도, 일본 등 아시아가 가장 높았다.

   알렉산드라 플라이쉬만 WHO 전문가는 유럽과 북미에서는 정신질환으로 인한 자살이 90%로 압도적이었으나, 아시아는 충동적인 결정으로 목숨을 끊는 경우가 많았다고 전했다.

   WHO는 그러나 가족과 친구들의 도움이 있다면 자살률을 줄일 수 있다고 강조했다.

   플라이쉬만은 자살을 막기 위한 핵심은 우선 사람들이 심각한 우울증, 스트레스, 자신 또는 타인에 대한 학대 등 자살을 유도하는 초기 단계를 인지하는 일이라고 설명했다.

   그는 이 같은 증상을 겪는 사람들은 흔히 “나 없이도 다른 사람들은 잘살아갈 것”, “세상은 살 가치가 없다” 등의 말을 하곤 한다면서, 주변인들은 무시하고 지나치기 쉬운 이런 류의 언급들을 예의주시해야 할 것이라고 말했다.

   또 일부 문화권에선 정신질환이 쉽게 인지되기 어려울 때도 있지만 일단 문제가 발견되면 주변 사람의 관심과 도움이 절실하다며 자살은 친구와 가족, 의사가 모두 주의 깊게 관찰해야 할 “복합적 현상”이라고 조언했다.

   WHO는 정부와 국제자살방지협회(IASP) 등이 협력해 더 이상 자살을 비난받을 행위나 범죄, 또는 처벌받아야 할 일로 간주하지 않도록 사람들의 인식을 전환해나가야 한다고 당부했다.

   eun@yna.co.kr

============================

2008년 스코틀랜드 자살자수 843명 (교통사고 사망자수보다 많음)

Campaign highlights suicide rate

출처 : BBC Page last updated at 07:16 GMT, Monday, 7 September 2009 08:16 UK
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/8240805.stm

Suicide Prevention Week is being launched in Scotland with a stark reminder that two people take their own lives everyday.

In 2008, 843 people in Scotland died by suicide – more than the number killed in road traffic accidents.

The message behind the week-long campaign is: “Suicide. Don’t hide it. Talk about it.”

Radio and press adverts are being used to raise awareness of both the issue and the help available to people.

The campaign is being organised by Choose Life, Scotland’s national strategy and action plan to prevent suicide.

The core aim of the campaign is tackling the stigma around talking about suicide, to stress that it is okay to talk about feeling suicidal, and to reassure people that talking can save lives.

Shona Robison, minister for public health, said: “Suicide is a complex issue – there is no single reason why someone takes their own life.

“What we can say unequivocally is that every death from suicide is a tragedy.

“It is important to realise that suicide affects everyone – regardless of gender, age or ethnic background – but we know that certain groups of people are at higher risk of suicide.

“These include people living in more deprived areas, people with an addiction to drugs or alcohol, and people with mental health problems.”

Ms Robison added: “Suicide Prevention Week is a great opportunity to reflect on the devastation suicide causes to families and to remember that we can all make a difference simply by offering a willingness to talk and listen to people in distress.”

Almost three-quarters of suicides in Scotland are by men, and young people are particularly vulnerable.

As a result the campaign aims to reach young men, who traditionally find it less easy to talk about their mood or any difficulties they may be facing.

Dougie Paterson, programme manager for Choose Life, said: “Many people feel that they can’t talk about feeling suicidal, or that by asking someone else if they are feeling suicidal this will increase the risk. But the opposite is true.”

He added: “Lifting the lid on our emotions can help prevent everyday problems building up that may overwhelm us – ultimately, talking can save lives.”

Since the launch of the Choose Life strategy and action plan in 2002 Scotland’s suicide rate has decreased by 10%.

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세계자살방지의 날을 맞아 인도의 the National Crime Records Bureau가 발표한 통계자료

인도의 1997~2007 자살율 28% 증가
1997년 인도의 자살자수 :  95,829명
2007년 인도의 자살자수  :  1,22,637


World Suicide Prevention Day tomorrow

The trend of committing suicides is growing in the country with the latest figures showing a 28 per cent jump during the decade 1997-2007.

In the year 1997, the number of persons who committed suicide was 95,829 and by the year 2007  the total number of persons committing suicide was over a lakh(1,22,637), according to figures available with the National Crime Records Bureau.

Thursday, Sept 10,  is observed as the World Suicide Prevention Day organized by the International Association of Suicide Prevention(IASP) in collaboration with the World Health Organization. The theme of the World Suicide Prevention Day is “Suicide Prevention in Different Cultures”.

“More than a million people worldwide die by suicide each year. More people kill themselves  than die in all wars, terrorist activities and homicides. Many millions more make suicide attempt severe enough to need medical treatment, and over six million people are affected each year by the disastrous impact of the suicide of a close one friend or family member,” says President IASP Brian Mishara.

The day will be launched at UN Headquarters in New York on Thursday where Mishara and WHO representatives will announce latest figures on suicide worldwide and suicide prevention activities.

According to WHO suicide is now being recognized in the countries of south east asia as major public health problem in the complex scenario of development and lifestyle changes. “Cumulative research ,media reports  and anecdoatal evidence over the past three decades reveal that suicides are an emerging epidemic the world over.”

India and Sri Lanka record the highest number of suicide rates in the region with 11 and 37 per 100,000 population respectively.

WHO says the threat of suicide should be taken seriously  because  those who commit suicide give early clues at some point . In India nearly 10 to 20 per cent of suicide victims  had seen a physician a few days prior to the act.

Psychological Counsellor Neera Jain says, “Disintegration of the joint family has removed the support system for the individual at times of emotional and psychological crisis.”

“Unrealistic expectations put tremendous emotional, physical and psychological pressure on the individual. Suicide is not committed at the spur of the moment but is the culmination of long period of stress when a single act may  trigger the person to take the final step. If a friend or some other person can reach out to him the moment is averted and the individual can be saved,”she adds.

According to NCRB , five states West Bengal followed by   Maharashtra,Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka registered consistently higher number of suicidal deaths during the last few years and accounted for 10 per cent or more of the total suicides reported  in the country during 2005-2007.

Poducherry reported the highest rate of suicide (48.6) followed by Andaman and Nicobar Islands (38.5) while the all India rate of suicides was 10.8 in 2007 compared to 10.5 during 2006.

Family problems  and illness were two of the major causes for suicides accounting for more than 22 per cent of the suicides during the years 2005-2007, and the most  preferred mode adopted in committing suicide was poisoning 35 per cent of cases followed by hanging 32 per cent of cases.

The WHO has suggested development of national suicide prevention strategies alongwith early implementation and evaluation.

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