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	<title>건강과 대안 &#187; 세기관지염</title>
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		<title>[돼지독감] 신종플루 바이러스는 어떻게 급성 치명적 사망을 일으킬까?</title>
		<link>http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&#038;p=1581</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 25 Dec 2009 20:20:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>건강과대안</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[식품 · 의약품]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[autopsy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bronchiolitis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[diffuse alveolar damage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[innate immunity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[virus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[급성 폐손상]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[돼지독감]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[부검]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[세기관지염]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[신종플루]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[급성 치명적 돼지 인플루엔자 A(H1N1) 바이러스(신종플루 바이러스)가 다른 방식으로 사망에 이르게 한다는 부검을 통한 상파울로대학 연구팀의 연구결과가 [미국 호흡기 및 중환자 관리의학 저널(American Journal of Respiratory and Critical [...]]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><P>급성 치명적 돼지 인플루엔자 A(H1N1) 바이러스(신종플루 바이러스)가 다른 방식으로 사망에 이르게 한다는 부검을 통한 상파울로대학 연구팀의 연구결과가 [미국 호흡기 및 중환자 관리의학 저널(American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine)] 2010년 1월호에 발표되었습니다.<BR><BR>연구팀은 2009년 6월~8월 브라질 상파울로에서 돼지 인플루엔자 A(H1N1) 바이러스(신종플루 바이러스) 확정진단을 받은 1세~68세 사망자 21명에 대한 부검결과를 조사했습니다.<BR><BR>21명의 사망자들은 모두 진행성 및 급성 치명적 질병 양태가 나타났습니다.&nbsp;모든 사망자들에게서 심한 급성 폐손상이 발견되었으며, 몇몇 사망자들은 괴사성 세기관지염과 연관이 있는 급성 폐손상만 보였습니다.<BR><BR>괴사성 세기관지염을 보인 사망자들은 세균성 폐렴에 동시 감염이 된 것으로 확인되었으며, 심장병이나 암 등의 기지질환을 가진 사망자들은 폐에 출혈이 더 빈번하게 발생할 것으로 짐작됩니다.<BR><BR>21명의 사망자 중에서 16명은 심장병이나 암 같은 만성적인 기저질환(만성질환자)을 가지고 있었습니다.<BR><BR>연구팀은 몇몇 사망자들의 폐에서는&nbsp; 바이러스의 감염과 폐조직 손상에 의해 촉발되는 과도하고 격렬간 면역반응이라는&nbsp;비이상적인 면역반응(사이토카인 스톰(CYTOKINE storms)이 일어나는 것으로 추정된다고 밝혔습니다.&nbsp;이러한 비정상적 면역반응은 급성 폐손상과 치명적 호흡부전의 원인이 됩니다.<BR><BR>돼지 인플루엔자 바이러스 감염으로 사망한 환자들은 3가지 손상 패턴이 나타났습니다. <BR><BR>첫째,&nbsp;급성 폐손상소견(acute lung injury, ALI) 우위를 보인 패턴입니다. 6건의 사망 사례는 괴사성세기관지염(necrotizing bronchiolitis, NB) 소견을, 5건의 사망사례는 뚜렷한 출혈 경향을 나타냈습니다.</P><br />
<P>두번째,&nbsp;괴사성세기관지염(necrotizing bronchiolitis, NB)&nbsp;소견을 보인 환자에서는 세균감염이 합병증으로 나타나는 경향을 보였습니다. 세균감염은 부검사례의 38%에서 나타났습니다.<BR><BR>세번째,&nbsp;심장병이나 암환자에서는 폐에 출혈을 보이는 경향이 많은 것으로 나타났습니다.</P><br />
<P>상파울로 대학 연구팀이 기고한 논문의 요약문 원문은 다음과 같습니다.<BR><BR>&nbsp; ====================<BR><FONT size=4>Lung Pathology in Fatal Novel Human Influenza A (H1N1) Infection</FONT> <BR></P><br />
<DD><BR>출처 : Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2010; <STRONG>181:</STRONG> 72-79. First published online October 29 2009 as doi:10.1164/rccm.200909-1420OC <BR><A href="http://ajrccm.atsjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/181/1/72">http://ajrccm.atsjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/181/1/72</A><BR><BR><STRONG>Thais Mauad<SUP>1</SUP>, <NOBR>Ludhmila A. Hajjar<SUP>2</SUP></NOBR>, <NOBR>Giovanna D. Callegari<SUP>1</SUP></NOBR>, <NOBR>Luiz F. F. da Silva<SUP>1</SUP></NOBR>, <NOBR>Denise Schout<SUP>3</SUP></NOBR>, <NOBR>Filomena R. B. G. Galas<SUP>2</SUP></NOBR>, <NOBR>Venancio A. F. Alves<SUP>1</SUP></NOBR>, <NOBR>Denise M. A. C. Malheiros<SUP>1</SUP></NOBR>, <NOBR>Jose O. C. Auler, Jr.<SUP>2</SUP></NOBR>, <NOBR>Aurea F. Ferreira<SUP>1</SUP></NOBR>, <NOBR>Marcela R. L. Borsato<SUP>1</SUP></NOBR>, <NOBR>Stephania M. Bezerra<SUP>1</SUP></NOBR>, <NOBR>Paulo S. Gutierrez<SUP>4</SUP></NOBR>, <NOBR>Elia T. E. G. Caldini<SUP>1</SUP></NOBR>, <NOBR>Carlos A. Pasqualucci<SUP>1</SUP><SUP>,5</SUP></NOBR>, <NOBR>Marisa Dolhnikoff<SUP>1</SUP></NOBR> and <NOBR>Paulo H. N. Saldiva<SUP>1</SUP></NOBR> </STRONG><br />
<P><FONT size=-1><SUP>1</SUP> Department of Pathology, <SUP>2</SUP> Department of Anesthesiology, <SUP>3</SUP> Department of Preventive Medicine, Epidemiology Service, Hospital das Clínicas, <SUP>4</SUP> Laboratory of Pathology—Heart Institute, Hospital das Clínicas, and <SUP>5</SUP> Autopsy Service of Sao Paulo City, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil </FONT><br />
<P><FONT size=-1>Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to Thais Mauad M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pathology, São Paulo University Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 room 1155, CEP 01246-903 São Paulo SP, Brazil. E-mail: <SPAN id=em0><A href="mailto:tmauad@usp.br">tmauad@usp.br</A></SPAN> <SCRIPT type=text/javascript><!--<br />
 var u = "tmauad", d = "usp.br"; document.getElementById("em0").innerHTML = '<a href="mailto:' + u + '@' + d + '">&#8216; + u + &#8216;@&#8217; + d + &#8216;<\/a>&#8216;//&#8211;></SCRIPT> </FONT><br />
<P><!-- ABS --><I>Rationale</I>: There are no reports of the systemic human pathology<SUP> </SUP>of the novel swine H1N1 influenza (S-OIV) infection.<SUP> </SUP><br />
<P><I>Objectives</I>: The autopsy findings of 21 Brazilian patients with<SUP> </SUP>confirmed S-OIV infection are presented. These patients died<SUP> </SUP>in the winter of the southern hemisphere 2009 pandemic, with<SUP> </SUP>acute respiratory failure.<SUP> </SUP><br />
<P><I>Methods</I>: Lung tissue was submitted to virologic and bacteriologic<SUP> </SUP>analysis with real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain<SUP> </SUP>reaction and electron microscopy. Expression of toll-like receptor<SUP> </SUP>(TLR)-3, IFN-<IMG alt={gamma} src="http://ajrccm.atsjournals.org/math/gamma.gif" border=0>, tumor necrosis factor-<IMG alt={alpha} src="http://ajrccm.atsjournals.org/math/alpha.gif" border=0>, CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T cells and granzyme<SUP> </SUP>B<SUP>+</SUP> cells in the lungs was investigated by immunohistochemistry.<SUP> </SUP><br />
<P><I>Measurements and Main Results</I>: Patients were aged from 1 to<SUP> </SUP>68 years (72% between 30 and 59 yr) and 12 were male. Sixteen<SUP> </SUP>patients had preexisting medical conditions. Diffuse alveolar<SUP> </SUP>damage was present in 20 individuals. In six patients, diffuse<SUP> </SUP>alveolar damage was associated with necrotizing bronchiolitis<SUP> </SUP>and in five with extensive hemorrhage. There was also a cytopathic<SUP> </SUP>effect in the bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells, as well<SUP> </SUP>as necrosis, epithelial hyperplasia, and squamous metaplasia<SUP> </SUP>of the large airways. There was marked expression of TLR-3 and<SUP> </SUP>IFN-<IMG alt={gamma} src="http://ajrccm.atsjournals.org/math/gamma.gif" border=0> and a large number of CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T cells and granzyme B<SUP>+</SUP> cells<SUP> </SUP>within the lung tissue. Changes in other organs were mainly<SUP> </SUP>secondary to multiple organ failure.<SUP> </SUP><br />
<P><I>Conclusions</I>: Autopsies have shown that the main pathological<SUP> </SUP>changes associated with S-OIV infection are localized to the<SUP> </SUP>lungs, where three distinct histological patterns can be identified.<SUP> </SUP>We also show evidence of ongoing pulmonary aberrant immune response.<SUP> </SUP>Our results reinforce the usefulness of autopsy in increasing<SUP> </SUP>the understanding of the novel human influenza A (H1N1) infection.<SUP> </SUP><br />
<P><br />
<P><STRONG>Key Words:</STRONG> autopsy • virus • diffuse alveolar damage • bronchiolitis • innate immunity<br />
<P>============================<BR><BR><BR clear=all><BR></P></DD></p>
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		<title>[돼지독감] 신종플루 사망자의 폐 부검 소견</title>
		<link>http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&#038;p=1479</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 08 Dec 2009 16:29:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>건강과대안</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[식품 · 의약품]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[2009 Pandemic Influenza A/H1N1]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pulmonary Pathologic Findings]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[기관염]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[돼지독감]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[미만성 폐포손상. 세균성 폐렴]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[세기관지염]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[신종플루]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[&#160;2009&#160;대유행 인플루엔자 A/H1N1 바이러스 감염 사망자의&#160;폐 병리학적 소견2009년 5월 15일~7월 9일 미국에서 신종플루로 사망한&#160;34명의 의료기록, 부검보고서, 미생물학적 연구결과, 현미경 소견을 검토하여 사망자들의 폐 병리학적 소견을 밝힌 논문입니다.사망자의 62%는 [...]]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;2009&nbsp;대유행 인플루엔자 A/H1N1 바이러스 감염 사망자의&nbsp;폐 병리학적 소견<BR><BR>2009년 5월 15일~7월 9일 미국에서 신종플루로 사망한&nbsp;34명의 의료기록, 부검보고서, 미생물학적 연구결과, 현미경 소견을 검토하여 사망자들의 폐 병리학적 소견을 밝힌 논문입니다.<BR><BR>사망자의 62%는 25세~49세(평균 41.5세)의 젊은 층이었으며, 대부분의 사례에서 기관염(Tracheitis), 세관지염(bronchiolitis),&nbsp;미만성폐포손상(diffuse alveolar damage)이 나타났습니다. 대부분의 사망자는 기관과 기관지 가지의 상피세포에서 인플루엔자 바이러스 항원이 관찰되었으나 폐포의 상피세포와 대식세포( macrophages)에서 관찰되는 경우도 있었습니다. 또한 대부분의 사망자의 경우 PCR 검사에서 양성진단을 받았습니다.<BR><BR>조직학 및 현미경 검사를 통해 사망자의 55%에서 세균성 폐렴을 확인했고, 사망자의 91%가 심혈관계 질환 및 면역억제제 투여자 등을 포함한 기저질환을 가지고 있었습니다. 성인 및 사춘기 청소년&nbsp;사망자의 72%가 체질량지수(BMI) 30 이상의 비만이었습니다.<BR><BR>=============================<BR><BR>Pulmonary Pathologic Findings of Fatal 2009 Pandemic Influenza A/H1N1 Viral Infections<BR><BR>James R. Gill, MD; Zong-Mei Sheng, MD, PhD; Susan F. Ely, MD, MPHTM; Donald G. Guinee Jr, MD; Mary B. Beasley, MD; James Suh, MD; Charuhas Deshpande, MD; Daniel J. Mollura, MD; David M. Morens, MD; Mike Bray, MD; William D. Travis, MD;Jeffery K. Taubenberger, MD, PhD<BR><BR>출처 :&nbsp;The Archives of Pathology &#038; Laboratory Medicine, 12/07/09.( February 2010 print issue.)<BR><A href="http://arpa.allenpress.com/pdf/i1543-2165-134-2-1.pdf">http://arpa.allenpress.com/pdf/i1543-2165-134-2-1.pdf</A>&nbsp;(원문 : 첨부파일)<BR><BR>&nbsp;Context.—In March 2009, a novel swine-origin influenza A/H1N1 virus was identified. After global spread, the World Health Organization in June declared the first influenza pandemic in 41 years.<BR><BR>Objective.—To describe the clinicopathologic characteristics of 34 people who died following confirmed A/H1N1 infection with emphasis on the pulmonary pathology findings.<BR><BR>Design.—We reviewed medical records, autopsy reports, microbiologic studies, and microscopic slides of 34 people who died between May 15 and July 9, 2009, and were investigated either by the New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner (32 deaths) or through the consultation service of a coauthor (2 deaths).<BR><BR>Results.—Most of the 34 decedents (62%) were between 25 and 49 years old (median, 41.5 years). Tracheitis, bronchiolitis, and diffuse alveolar damage were noted in most cases. Influenza viral antigen was observed most commonly in the epithelium of the tracheobronchial tree but also in alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages. Most cases were reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction positive for influenza.<BR>Histologic and microbiologic autopsy evidence of bacterial pneumonia was detected in 55% of cases. Underlying medical conditions including cardiorespiratory diseases and immunosuppression were present in 91% of cases. Obesity (body mass index, 30) was noted in 72% of adult and adolescent cases.<BR><BR>Conclusions.—The pulmonary pathologic findings in fatal disease caused by the novel pandemic influenza virus are similar to findings identified in past pandemics.<BR>Superimposed bacterial infections of the respiratory tract were common. Preexisting obesity, cardiorespiratory diseases, and other comorbidities also were prominent findings among the decedents. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2010;134:E1–E9)</p>
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