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	<title>건강과 대안 &#187; 사망자</title>
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		<title>지난 100년 동안 서울시에 발생한 강한 열파 패턴과 노인사망자에 미치는 영향</title>
		<link>http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&#038;p=5833</link>
		<comments>http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&#038;p=5833#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 28 Aug 2013 07:27:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>건강과대안</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[노동 · 환경]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[대한지리학회지]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[도시화]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[사망자]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[서울]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[열파]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[열환경]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[원격탐사]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[최광용]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&#038;p=5833</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[지난 100년 동안 서울시에 발생한 강한 열파 패턴과 노인사망자에 미치는 영향 최광용* Patterns of Strong Heat Waves within the Seoul Metropolitan Area and Its Impacts on Elderly Mortality [...]]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span style="color: #810081;">지난 100년 동안 서울시에 발생한 강한 열파 패턴과 노인사망자에 미치는 영향<br />
최광용*</span><a href="http://kgeography.or.kr/publishing/journal/45/05/05.PDF" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: 굴림;"><br />
Patterns of Strong Heat Waves within the Seoul Metropolitan Area and Its Impacts on Elderly Mortality Based on the Last 100 Year Observations</span><span style="font-family: 굴림;"><br />
Gwangyong Choi*</span></a></p>
<p>출처 : <span style="color: #666666;">대한지리학회지 제45권 5호(2010.11.9)</span><br />
<a href="http://kgeography.or.kr/publishing/journal/45/05/05.PDF">http://kgeography.or.kr/publishing/journal/45/05/05.PDF</a></p>
<p>요약：이 연구에서는 지난 100년(1908~2007) 동안 서울에서 발생한 열파의 변화추세와 극심한 열파 발생 시 도심내 열환경과 사망자의 시공간적 패턴을 분석하고자 한다. 최근의 온난화 경향에도 불구하고 여름철 강수량 증가에 의해 서울시의 열파 발생빈도 및 강도에는 뚜렷한 변화경향이 관찰되지 않는다. 전례 없이 강한 열파가 발생한 1994년 7월의 자동기상관측 및 Landsat TM 위성 영상 추출 열분포 자료들은 도심내 형성되는 고온의 열환경에 의해 노인 질병 사망자 수가 더욱 증가하였음을 잘 보여준다. 이 연구는 차후도심 정비시 열환경 분포를 고려해야 하는 생리기후학적 근거를 제시하고 있다.</p>
<p>주요어：열파, 도시화, 열환경, 사망자, 원격탐사, 서울</p>
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		<title>[돼지독감] 신종플루 &#8216;맹위&#8217;..사망 사례 급증</title>
		<link>http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&#038;p=1371</link>
		<comments>http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&#038;p=1371#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 13 Nov 2009 10:14:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>건강과대안</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[식품 · 의약품]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[고위험군]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[돼지독감]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[사망자]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[신종플루]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[인플루엔자 대유행]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[항바이러스제]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[&#160;&#160; 출처 : 연합뉴스 2009/11/13 10:05 송고 국내 신종플루 사망자 누계 (서울=연합뉴스) 박영석 기자 = 중앙재난안전대책본부(중대본)는 신종플루 사망자가 12명 추가 발생해 총 64명으로 집계됐다고 12일 밝혔다.&#160;&#160; 중대본에 따르면 [...]]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><DIV class=news_title><신종플루 '맹위'..사망 사례 급증>&nbsp;&nbsp; <BR></DIV><!--// news Title --><!-- 기사내용 --><BR>출처 : 연합뉴스 2009/11/13 10:05 송고<BR><BR><br />
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<DIV class=tit style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: #103670"><그래픽> 국내 신종플루 사망자 누계</DIV><br />
<DIV class=summary style="COLOR: #103670">(서울=연합뉴스) 박영석 기자 = 중앙재난안전대책본부(중대본)는 신종플루 사망자가 12명 추가 발생해 총 64명으로 집계됐다고 12일 밝혔다.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 중대본에 따르면 신종플루 추가 사망자는 수도권에 거주하는 6세 남아와 39세 여성, 충청권의 56세 여성 등 비고위험군 3명과 만성질환을 앓아온 충청권 18세 여성 등 고위험군 9명으로 조사됐다.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; <A href="mailto:zeroground@yna.co.kr"><FONT color=#252525>zeroground@yna.co.kr</FONT></A></DIV></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR>미국 사망자 수 4천명 육박..유럽 사망자도 급증<BR>WHO &#8220;위험군에 항바이러스제 신속 투약해야&#8221;<BR><BR>(서울=연합뉴스) 이연정 기자 = 인플루엔자 A［H1N1］(신종플루)가 갈수록 맹위를 떨치고 있다.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; AFPㆍ신화통신 등 주요 외신은 12일 미국과 아시아를 포함, 전 세계에서 맹위를 떨치고 있는 신종플루 관련 소식들을 신속히 전했다.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; ◇미국 사망자 4천명 육박 = 미국 질병통제예방센터(CDC)는 올해 4~10월에 발생한 자국 내 신종플루 사망자 수가 3천900명에 이르는 것으로 추정되며, 감염 환자도 2천200만명에 이르는 것으로 집계됐다고 12일 발표했다.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 앤 슈채트 CDC 면역호흡질병 담당 국장은 보건당국이 신종플루의 실태를 보다 정확히 분석한 결과 이 같은 결과가 나왔다고 밝히면서, 이번 사망자 추정치는 기존의 세 배가 넘는 것이라고 말했다.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; ◇북유럽으로 확산 = 신종플루 사망자 수가 빠르게 늘고 있는 유럽에서는 그 기세가 북유럽까지 확산되고 있다.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 핀란드 사회보건부는 12일 성명을 통해 신종플루 확진 환자가 총 2천940명에 이르며, 확인되지 않은 사례까지 포함하면 환자 수가 수만 명에 이를 수도 있다고 밝히면서 신종플루가 핀란드 전역으로 확산됐다고 밝혔다.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 보건부는 핀란드 내 신종플루 환자의 대부분이 경미한 증상을 보이다 회복된 것으로 안다고 밝히면서도 고용주들을 향해 직원이 신종플루 감염 의심 증세를 보일 경우 의사나 간호사의 허가 없이도 병가를 내 줄 것을 당부했다.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 한 주만에 신종플루 환자 수가 두 배로 늘어난 스웨덴에서는 백신 접종 대상을 영ㆍ유아층까지 확대했다.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 스웨덴 정부는 이날 신종플루 백신 접종 대상자의 연령 하한선을 종전의 3세 이상에서 생후 6개월 이상으로 낮췄다고 현지 뉴스통신사 &#8216;TT&#8217;가 전했다.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 스웨덴에서는 지난 주말 1천200명의 신종플루 환자가 새로 발생해 환자 수가 거의 두 배로 늘어났으며, 특히 4세 이하 어린이의 감염 사례가 급증한 것으로 알려다.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 한편, 유럽질병예방통제센터(ECDC)는 유럽 31개 국가에서 지난 주 발생한 신종플루 사망자가 84명에 달해 전 주(43명)에 비해 2배 가까이 늘어났다고 11일 밝혔다.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; ECDC는 자체 웹사이트를 통해 유럽 31개 국가의 최근 5주간 신종플루 희생자가 12명, 24명, 49명, 43명, 84명 등으로 증가세를 보이고 있다고 전하면서, 주말까지 유럽에서 발생한 신종플루 사망자는 영국 155명, 스페인 73명, 이탈리아 31명, 프랑스 30명 등 총 414명에 달한다고 밝혔다.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 유럽 국가 중 신종플루 사망자가 가장 많이 발생한 영국에서는 지난 주에도 사망자 증가세가 계속됐지만, 신규 감염자 발생 속도는 둔화된 것으로 알려졌다.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 리엄 도널드슨 영국 수석의무관은 12일 영국의 신종플루 사망자 수가 총 182명으로 늘어났으며, 사망자의 1/5는 신종플루 감염 전 건강한 사람들이었다고 밝혔다.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 그는 이어 보건국(HPA) 통계를 인용, 지난 주 영국에서 발생한 신종플루 환자 수는 6만4천명으로 전 주에 비해 2만명 가까이 줄었다고 밝혔지만, 감염자 증가세가 꺾이기 시작한 것인지에 대해선 아직 확신할 수 없다면서 신중한 태도를 보였다.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; ◇아시아ㆍ중동 확산세 지속 = 아시아ㆍ중동 지역에서도 신종플루 확산 기세가 꺾이지 않고 있다.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 베트남 보건부는 12일 홈페이지를 통해 16세 소녀가 신종플루로 숨진 사실이 새롭게 확인되면서 베트남 내 신종플루 사망자 수가 총 41명으로 늘어났다고 밝혔다.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 사망자는 임신 6개월 상태였으며, 지난 3일 감염 의심 증상을 보여 나흘 뒤 병원으로 후송됐으나 증상이 악화돼 숨졌다고 보건부는 덧붙였다.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 중국 위생부도 11일 홈페이지를 통해 신종플루 사망자수가 36명으로 증가했다고 발표했다.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 위생부는 9~11일 3천393명의 환자가 추가로 발생해 31개 성·시·자치구의 누적 환자수가 6만2천871명에 달하는 것으로 집계됐으며, 이중 중증 환자는 285명이라고 밝혔다.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 중동의 터키에서도 9~10일 이틀간 10명의 신종플루 사망자가 발생해 총 사망자 수가 40명으로 늘어났다.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 터키 보건부는 10일 발표한 성명을 통해 신종플루 사망자 수가 40명으로 늘어났다고 밝히고, 현재도 감염 환자 145명이 치료를 받고 있으며 이 중 33명은 중증 환자라고 밝혔다.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 이와 관련, CNN 튀르크 방송은 터키에서 지난달 24일 첫 신종플루 사망자가 보고된 이래 불과 3주일 만에 사망자 수가 40명까지 늘어났다면서 터키의 신종플루 확산 기세가 심상치 않다고 전했다.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; ◇ WHO &#8220;위험군에 항바이러스제 신속 투약&#8221; = 세계보건기구(WHO)는 12일 임산부와 2세 이하 유아, 지병 보유자 등 고위험군에 속하는 사람들의 경우 신종플루 확진 전에 신속하게 항바이러스제를 투여할 것을 권고했다.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; WHO의 니키 신도 박사는 대부분의 신종플루 감염 환자들이 경미한 증상을 보인 후 수일 내에 회복되지만, 위험 그룹의 경우 가능한 한 빨리 항바이러스제를 투약해야 증상 악화를 막을 수 있다고 조언했다.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 다만 경미한 의심 증상을 보이는 건강한 사람들의 경우 확진 판정을 받기도 전에 예방 차원에서 항바이러스제를 투약할 필요는 없다고 신도 박사는 덧붙였다.<BR><BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; <A href="mailto:rainmaker@yna.co.kr"><FONT color=#252525>rainmaker@yna.co.kr</FONT></A></p>
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		<title>[돼지독감] 멕시코의 신종플루 감염 및 사망 분석 (랜싯)</title>
		<link>http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&#038;p=1323</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 12 Nov 2009 18:32:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>건강과대안</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[식품 · 의약품]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[influenza A H1N1 virus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[The Lancet]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[감염자]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[돼지독감]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[랜싯]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[멕시코]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[사망자]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[신종플루]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[멕시코에서 2009년 4월&#160; 28일~6월 31일 인플루엔자 감시체계에 의해 수집된 정보를 분석함.6월 31일까지 63,479건의&#160;&#160;influenza-like illness 보고됨. 6,945건(11%)&#160; influenza A H1N1으로 확정진단. 확정진단을 받은 사례 중 6407건(92%)은 외래환자.&#160; 475건(7%)은 생존,&#160; [...]]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>멕시코에서 2009년 4월&nbsp; 28일~6월 31일 인플루엔자 감시체계에 의해 수집된 정보를 분석함.<BR><BR>6월 31일까지 63,479건의&nbsp;&nbsp;influenza-like illness 보고됨. 6,945건(11%)&nbsp; influenza A H1N1으로 확정진단. 확정진단을 받은 사례 중 6407건(92%)은 외래환자.&nbsp; 475건(7%)은 생존,&nbsp; 63건(<1%)은 사망. 10세~39세의 감염자는&nbsp;3922건(56%). 치명율은 J자 모양의 곡선(J-shaped curve)을 보임. 70세 이상 사망율은 10·3%로 고연령군에서 가장 위험이 높게 나왔음. <BR><BR>계절성 독감 백신을 접종 받은 사람들의 사망 위험이 낮게 나왔음.(OR 0·65 [95% CI 0·55—0·77]). ) 입원이 지연되거나(1·19 [1·11—1·28] per day) 만성 질환자((6·1 [2·37—15·99])의 경우에 사망 위험이 더 높게 나왔음. <BR><BR>신종플루 치명율을 낮추기 위한 핵심요인은 위험정보교환(Risk communication)과 병원의 대응체계(hospital preparedness)라고 볼 수 있음.<BR><BR>이번에 [랜싯]지에 발표된 유사한 역학조사 결과 외에도&nbsp;지난 10월 <SPAN class=yshortcuts id=lw_1255398391_10 style="BACKGROUND: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; CURSOR: hand; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none">Journal of the American Medical Association</SPAN> (JAMA)에도 실린&nbsp;멕시코의 중증환자 역학조사 결과(참고 : 10월 13일자 식품/의약품 자료실에 올려 놓은 논문 Critically Ill Patients With 2009 Influenza A(H1N1) in Mexico)도 참고할 것.<BR><BR><SPAN class=yshortcuts id=lw_1258001407_0 style="CURSOR: hand; BORDER-BOTTOM: #0066cc 1px dashed">[랜싯]의 연구 결과를 HealthDay News는 &#8220;노령층일수록 돼지독감 위험 높아&#8221;로 보도하였고, AFP통신은 &#8220;젊은층일수록 돼지독감 감염 잘 돼&#8221;로 보도하였는데&#8230; 동일한 연구결과를 서로 다른 측면에서 해석한 것으로 볼 수 있음.</SPAN><BR><BR>[참고 : 멕시코의 2009 인플루엔자 A(H1N1) 중증환자]<BR>&nbsp;<BR>멕시코의 6개 병원에서 3월 18일~6월 1일 신종플루 확정진단 및 가진단을 받은 사람은 899명이었으며, 그 중에서 58명은 중증으로 진행되었으며, 중증환자의 평균 연령은 44세였습니다.<BR><BR>대부분의 중증 환자들에게 항생제를 투여했으며, 54명은 인공호흡기에 의지하였고, 그 중 45명은 타미플루나 릴렌자 같은 항바이러스제를 처방하였습니다. <BR><BR>58명의 중증환자 중에서 24명 (41.4%)이 입원한 지 60일 이내에 사망했습니다. (24명 중 19명은 입원한 지 2주 내에 사망했습니다)<BR><BR>=================================================<BR><BR><br />
<DIV id=article_cite>The Lancet, Early Online Publication, 12 November 2009</DIV><br />
<DIV id=article_DOI>doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61638-X<A href="http://www.thelancet.com/popup?fileName=cite-using-doi" target=newWin _onclick="window.open('/popup?fileName=cite-using-doi','citewindow','width=600,height=650,left=50,top=50,screenX=50,screenY=50,resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes');return false;"><IMG class=help-icon-cite-doi id=icon_info2 alt="" src="http://www.thelancet.com/images/clear.gif"></IMG></A><A class=standard-link href="http://www.thelancet.com/popup?fileName=cite-using-doi" target=newWin _onclick="window.open('/popup?fileName=cite-using-doi','citewindow','width=600,height=650,left=50,top=50,screenX=50,screenY=50,resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes');return false;">Cite or Link Using DOI</A><BR><A href="http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(09)61638-X/fulltext">http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(09)61638-X/fulltext</A><BR><BR></DIV><br />
<DIV class=ja50-article><br />
<H1 class=ja50-ce-title>Infection and death from influenza A H1N1 virus in Mexico: a retrospective analysis</H1><br />
<DIV class=ja50-ce-author-group><SPAN class=ja50-ce-author><A class=ja50-ce-author href="http://www.thelancet.com/search/results?fieldName=Authors&#038;searchTerm=Santiago+Echevarr%C3%ADa-Zuno" _onclick="javascript:getListOfAuthorArticles('The Lancet','Santiago Echevarría-Zuno');return false;">Santiago Echevarría-Zuno</A> MD <A class=ja50-ce-cross-ref title="" href="http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(09)61638-X/fulltext#aff1" name=back-aff1><SPAN class=ja50-ce-sup>a</SPAN></A>, </SPAN><SPAN class=ja50-ce-author><A class=ja50-ce-author href="http://www.thelancet.com/search/results?fieldName=Authors&#038;searchTerm=Juan Manuel+Mej%C3%ADa-Arangur%C3%A9" _onclick="javascript:getListOfAuthorArticles('The Lancet','Juan Manuel Mejía-Aranguré');return false;">Juan Manuel Mejía-Aranguré</A> PhD <A class=ja50-ce-cross-ref title="" href="http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(09)61638-X/fulltext#aff2" name=back-aff2><SPAN class=ja50-ce-sup>b</SPAN></A>, </SPAN><SPAN class=ja50-ce-author><A class=ja50-ce-author href="http://www.thelancet.com/search/results?fieldName=Authors&#038;searchTerm=Alvaro J+Mar-Obeso" _onclick="javascript:getListOfAuthorArticles('The Lancet','Alvaro J Mar-Obeso');return false;">Alvaro J Mar-Obeso</A> MD <A class=ja50-ce-cross-ref title="" href="http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(09)61638-X/fulltext#aff2" name=back-aff2><SPAN class=ja50-ce-sup>b</SPAN></A>, </SPAN><SPAN class=ja50-ce-author><A class=ja50-ce-author href="http://www.thelancet.com/search/results?fieldName=Authors&#038;searchTerm=Concepci%C3%B3n+Grajales-Mu%C3%B1iz" _onclick="javascript:getListOfAuthorArticles('The Lancet','Concepción Grajales-Muñiz');return false;">Concepción Grajales-Muñiz</A> MD <A class=ja50-ce-cross-ref title="" href="http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(09)61638-X/fulltext#aff2" name=back-aff2><SPAN class=ja50-ce-sup>b</SPAN></A>, </SPAN><SPAN class=ja50-ce-author><A class=ja50-ce-author href="http://www.thelancet.com/search/results?fieldName=Authors&#038;searchTerm=Eduardo+Robles-P%C3%A9rez" _onclick="javascript:getListOfAuthorArticles('The Lancet','Eduardo Robles-Pérez');return false;">Eduardo Robles-Pérez</A> MSc <A class=ja50-ce-cross-ref title="" href="http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(09)61638-X/fulltext#aff2" name=back-aff2><SPAN class=ja50-ce-sup>b</SPAN></A>, </SPAN><SPAN class=ja50-ce-author><A class=ja50-ce-author href="http://www.thelancet.com/search/results?fieldName=Authors&#038;searchTerm=Margot+Gonz%C3%A1lez-Le%C3%B3n" _onclick="javascript:getListOfAuthorArticles('The Lancet','Margot González-León');return false;">Margot González-León</A> MD <A class=ja50-ce-cross-ref title="" href="http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(09)61638-X/fulltext#aff2" name=back-aff2><SPAN class=ja50-ce-sup>b</SPAN></A>, </SPAN><SPAN class=ja50-ce-author><A class=ja50-ce-author href="http://www.thelancet.com/search/results?fieldName=Authors&#038;searchTerm=Manuel Carlos+Ortega-Alvarez" _onclick="javascript:getListOfAuthorArticles('The Lancet','Manuel Carlos Ortega-Alvarez');return false;">Manuel Carlos Ortega-Alvarez</A> MSc <A class=ja50-ce-cross-ref title="" href="http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(09)61638-X/fulltext#aff2" name=back-aff2><SPAN class=ja50-ce-sup>b</SPAN></A>, </SPAN><SPAN class=ja50-ce-author><A class=ja50-ce-author href="http://www.thelancet.com/search/results?fieldName=Authors&#038;searchTerm=Cesar+Gonzalez-Bonilla" _onclick="javascript:getListOfAuthorArticles('The Lancet','Cesar Gonzalez-Bonilla');return false;">Cesar Gonzalez-Bonilla</A> PhD <A class=ja50-ce-cross-ref title="" href="http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(09)61638-X/fulltext#aff2" name=back-aff2><SPAN class=ja50-ce-sup>b</SPAN></A>, </SPAN><SPAN class=ja50-ce-author><A class=ja50-ce-author href="http://www.thelancet.com/search/results?fieldName=Authors&#038;searchTerm=Ram%C3%B3n Alberto+Rasc%C3%B3n-Pacheco" _onclick="javascript:getListOfAuthorArticles('The Lancet','Ramón Alberto Rascón-Pacheco');return false;">Ramón Alberto Rascón-Pacheco</A> MSc <A class=ja50-ce-cross-ref title="" href="http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(09)61638-X/fulltext#aff2" name=back-aff2><SPAN class=ja50-ce-sup>b</SPAN></A>, </SPAN><SPAN class=ja50-ce-author>Dr <A class=ja50-ce-author href="http://www.thelancet.com/search/results?fieldName=Authors&#038;searchTerm=V%C3%ADctor Hugo+Borja-Aburto" _onclick="javascript:getListOfAuthorArticles('The Lancet','Víctor Hugo Borja-Aburto');return false;">Víctor Hugo Borja-Aburto</A> PhD <A class=ja50-ce-cross-ref title="" href="http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(09)61638-X/fulltext#aff2" name=back-aff2><SPAN class=ja50-ce-sup>b</SPAN></A> <A class=ja50-ce-cross-ref title="" href="http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(09)61638-X/fulltext#cor1" name=back-cor1><IMG alt="Corresponding Author" src="http://www.thelancet.com/images/article_notepad.gif" border=0></IMG></A><A class=ja50-ce-e-address href="mailto:victor.borja@imss.gob.mx"><IMG alt="Email Address" src="http://www.thelancet.com/images/article_email.gif" border=0></IMG></A></SPAN></DIV><br />
<DIV class=ja50-ce-abstract><br />
<H2 class=ja50-ce-section-title>Summary</H2><br />
<DIV class=ja50-ce-abstract-section><br />
<H3 class=ja50-ce-section-title>Background</H3><br />
<DIV class=ja50-ce-simple-para>In April, 2009, the first cases of influenza A H1N1 were registered in Mexico and associated with an unexpected number of deaths. We report the timing and spread of H1N1 in cases, and explore protective and risk factors for infection, severe disease, and death.</DIV></DIV><br />
<DIV class=ja50-ce-abstract-section><br />
<H3 class=ja50-ce-section-title>Methods</H3><br />
<DIV class=ja50-ce-simple-para>We analysed information gathered by the influenza surveillance system from April 28 to July 31, 2009, for patients with influenza-like illness who attended clinics that were part of the Mexican Institute for Social Security network. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) to compare risks of testing positive for H1N1 in those with influenza-like illness at clinic visits, the risk of admission for laboratory-confirmed cases of H1N1, and of death for inpatients according to demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, seasonal influenza vaccine status, and elapsed time from symptom onset to admission.</DIV></DIV><br />
<DIV class=ja50-ce-abstract-section><br />
<H3 class=ja50-ce-section-title>Findings</H3><br />
<DIV class=ja50-ce-simple-para>By July 31, 63&nbsp;479 cases of influenza-like illness were reported; 6945 (11%) cases of H1N1 were confirmed, 6407 (92%) were outpatients, 475 (7%) were admitted and survived, and 63 (<1%) died. Those aged 10—39 years were most affected (3922 [56%]). Mortality rates showed a J-shaped curve, with greatest risk in those aged 70 years and older (10·3%). Risk of infection was lowered in those who had been vaccinated for seasonal influenza (OR 0·65 [95% CI 0·55—0·77]). Delayed admission (1·19 [1·11—1·28] per day) and presence of chronic diseases (6·1 [2·37—15·99]) were associated with increased risk of dying.</DIV></DIV><br />
<DIV class=ja50-ce-abstract-section><br />
<H3 class=ja50-ce-section-title>Interpretation</H3><br />
<DIV class=ja50-ce-simple-para>Risk communication and hospital preparedness are key factors to reduce mortality from H1N1 infection. Protective effects of seasonal influenza vaccination for the virus need to be investigated.</DIV></DIV><br />
<DIV class=ja50-ce-abstract-section><br />
<H3 class=ja50-ce-section-title>Funding</H3><br />
<DIV class=ja50-ce-simple-para>None.<BR><BR>======================<BR><BR>Older People at Greater Risk of Swine Flu Death<BR><BR>출처 : <FONT color=#008000>HealthDay </FONT>Wed&nbsp;Nov&nbsp;11, 11:48&nbsp;pm&nbsp;ET</ABBR><!-- end .byline --></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV><br />
<P class=yn-story-content>WEDNESDAY, Nov. 11 (<SPAN class=yshortcuts id=lw_1258001407_0 style="CURSOR: hand; BORDER-BOTTOM: #0066cc 1px dashed">HealthDay News</SPAN>) &#8212; A study of H1N1 swine flu in Mexico finds that while babies and people under the age of 40 are most likely to get sick, elderly people have the highest death rates. </P><br />
<P class=yn-story-content></P><br />
<P class=yn-story-content>The research, published online Nov. 11 in <I><SPAN class=yshortcuts id=lw_1258001407_1>The Lancet</SPAN></I>, analyzed medical records of patients at clinics in the Mexican Institute for <SPAN class=yshortcuts id=lw_1258001407_2>Social Security network</SPAN>, who became sick with flu-like illnesses between April 28 and July 31, 2009.</P><br />
<P class=yn-story-content></P><br />
<P class=yn-story-content>The researchers found 63,479 cases of flu-like illness. Of the 6,945 confirmed cases of H1N1 swine flu, about 1 percent (63 patients) died. Seven percent (475 patients) were admitted to the hospital and lived. </P><br />
<P class=yn-story-content></P><br />
<P class=yn-story-content>Of those aged 70 and older who got sick, 10.3 percent died. By contrast, 0.9 percent of those aged 20 to 29 died, the study authors noted.</P><br />
<P class=yn-story-content></P><br />
<P class=yn-story-content>The researchers found that the risk of infection fell by 35 percent in those who received vaccinations for seasonal flu. Chronic disease boosted the risk of death by six times. </P><br />
<P class=yn-story-content></P><br />
<P class=yn-story-content>Those who didn&#8217;t go to the hospital within four days after developing symptoms boosted their risk of death by 20 percent for each extra day they delayed a hospital visit. </P><br />
<P class=yn-story-content></P><br />
<P class=yn-story-content>Pregnant women made up 6 percent of the deaths in <SPAN class=yshortcuts id=lw_1258001407_3>Mexico</SPAN>. That rate is a bit lower than in the United States (8 percent) over the same time period. </P><br />
<P class=yn-story-content></P><br />
<P class=yn-story-content>&#8220;In Mexico, all pregnant workers were sent home during the peak of the <SPAN class=yshortcuts id=lw_1258001407_4>pandemic</SPAN>, which probably accounts for this difference,&#8221; <SPAN class=yshortcuts id=lw_1258001407_5>Dr. Victor</SPAN> Borja-Aburto of the Mexican Institute for <SPAN class=yshortcuts id=lw_1258001407_6>Social Security</SPAN> in <SPAN class=yshortcuts id=lw_1258001407_7>Mexico City</SPAN>, and colleagues wrote.<BR></P><br />
<DIV class=yn-story-content><BR>==============================<BR><BR>Youngest likeliest to be infected, swine flu study confirms<BR><BR>출처 : AFP Wed Nov 11, 7:10 pm ET<BR><BR>PARIS (AFP) – New data from Mexico, the epicentre of the swine flu pandemic, has confirmed that young people are most at risk of catching the A(H1N1) virus but elderly patients are most at risk of dying from it.<BR></DIV><br />
<DIV class=yn-story-content>The study bolsters the belief that the pathogen is not as virulent as first feared but also stresses the need for caution, as a mutation into a more lethal form cannot be ruled out.</DIV><br />
<DIV class=yn-story-content>Epidemiologists led by Victor Borja-Aburto of the Mexican Institute for Social Security looked at data for 63,479 people who had been treated for flu-like symptoms in public clinics from the start of the scare in April until the end of July.<BR></DIV><br />
<DIV class=yn-story-content>Of the 6,945 cases confirmed by tests as H1N1, 56 percent occurred among people between 10 and 39 years, an age group with a high risk of contact through social interaction.<BR></DIV><br />
<DIV class=yn-story-content>There were far fewer cases among older patients, which suggests that people in this age group were exposed in the past to a cousin to swine flu and may have gained some immunity, the author say.<BR></DIV><br />
<DIV class=yn-story-content>But when analysed for mortality, a &#8220;J-shaped curve&#8221; revealed a preponderance of deaths among the elderly.<BR></DIV><br />
<DIV class=yn-story-content>Among patients aged between 60 and 69, the death rate was 5.7 percent, compared with only 0.9 percent among patients aged between 20 and 29 years.<BR></DIV><br />
<DIV class=yn-story-content>The study adds to several previous analyses which suggest vaccination against seasonal flu provides a partial shield.<BR></DIV><br />
<DIV class=yn-story-content>It also strengthens warnings that people with chronic underlying disease are especially vulnerable. Individuals in this category increased their risk of death sixfold.<BR></DIV><br />
<DIV class=yn-story-content>As of November, 1, more than 199 countries had reported lab-confirmed cases of swine flu, according to a toll published by the World Health Organisation (WHO) last Friday. There have been more than 482,300 notified cases and at least 6,071 deaths.<BR></DIV><br />
<DIV class=yn-story-content>But the real number of swine flu infections is likely to be very much higher as many countries have stopped counting individual cases, says the WHO.<BR></DIV><br />
<DIV class=yn-story-content>In addition, the count does not include people who have only mild symptoms &#8212; or no symptoms at all &#8212; and thus do not bother seeing a doctor.<BR></DIV><br />
<DIV class=yn-story-content>The mortality rate from swine flu has been variously estimated at between 0.2 and 1.23 percent, according to the country or region or social group that is analysed.<BR></DIV><br />
<DIV class=yn-story-content>At its lower range, this estimate is akin to the death toll from ordinary, so-called seasonal flu, of around 0.1 percent.<BR></DIV><br />
<DIV class=yn-story-content>But even the highest figure is still only half of that for the 1918 Spanish flu, where the mortality rate is estimated to have been at least 2.5 percent. Tens of millions of people were killed in that event.<BR></DIV><br />
<DIV class=yn-story-content>&#8220;Some researchers believe, with the information available up to now, that the present H1N1 influenza virus will not cause a pandemic on the scale of those during the 20th century,&#8221; said the new study, published online on Thursday by The Lancet.<BR></DIV><br />
<DIV class=yn-story-content>&#8220;This pandemic might not be the one we expected; however, the virus is evolving and the threat continues.&#8221;<BR><BR><BR>=======================================<BR><BR></DIV></p>
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		<title>[돼지독감] 전세계 25개국 6,508명 사망(ECDC)</title>
		<link>http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&#038;p=1282</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 11 Nov 2009 15:07:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>건강과대안</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[식품 · 의약품]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[508명 사망]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ECDC]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[돼지독감]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[사망자]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[신종플루]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[전세계]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Pandemic (H1N1) 2009Daily update &#8211; Pandemic H1N1 2009 (10/11/2009)출처 : ECDC 2009년 11월 10일 http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/healthtopics/Documents/091110_Influenza_AH1N1_Situation_Report_0900hrs.pdf전세계 25개국 6,508명 사망]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Pandemic (H1N1) 2009<BR><BR>Daily update &#8211; Pandemic H1N1 2009 (10/11/2009)<BR><BR>출처 : ECDC 2009년 11월 10일 <BR><A href="http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/healthtopics/Documents/091110_Influenza_AH1N1_Situation_Report_0900hrs.pdf">http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/healthtopics/Documents/091110_Influenza_AH1N1_Situation_Report_0900hrs.pdf</A><BR><BR>전세계 25개국 6,508명 사망<BR><BR></p>
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		<title>[돼지독감] 미국 신종플루 사망자 55% 기저질환, 45% 건강한 사람</title>
		<link>http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&#038;p=1168</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 14 Oct 2009 17:24:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>건강과대안</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[식품 · 의약품]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[asthma]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[new H1N1 flu]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[underlying conditions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[계절성 독감]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[기저질환]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[돼지독감]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[사망자]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[신종플루]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&#038;p=1168</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[미 CDC에 따르면, 미국의 신종플루 사망자의 55%는 천식과 같은 기저질환을 가지고 있었지만, 사망자의 45%는 건강한 사람이었다고 합니다.(2009년 10월 13일자(현지시간) 로이터통신 보도) 임산부는 전체 환자의 6%였습니다.겸상적혈구(sickle cell, 낫모양 또는 [...]]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><P>미 CDC에 따르면, 미국의 신종플루 사망자의 55%는 천식과 같은 기저질환을 가지고 있었지만, 사망자의 45%는 건강한 사람이었다고 합니다.(2009년 10월 13일자(현지시간) 로이터통신 보도) 임산부는 전체 환자의 6%였습니다.<BR><BR>겸상적혈구(sickle cell, 낫모양 또는 초승달 모양의&nbsp;적혈구)를 비롯한 혈액관련 질환을 앓고 있는 어린이들은 신종플루에 특별한 위험을 가지고 있는데, 이러한 질병을 가진 어린이들은 계절성 독감에도 특별한 위험을 가지고 있는 것으로 알려져 있습니다.(어린이 입원환자의 5.8%가 겸상적혈구증을 비롯한 혈액관련 질환을 앓고 있었습니다.)<BR><BR>미 CDC는 미국내 10개주에서 신종플루에 감염되어&nbsp;입원한 1,400명의 성인과 500명의 어린이에 대한 상세한 자료를 분석하였다고 합니다.<BR><BR>현재까지 신종플루로 사망한 미국의 어린이 숫자는 모두 81명입니다. <BR><BR>========================================<BR><BR><FONT size=4>Most who die from new H1N1 flu had conditions: CDC</FONT></P><br />
<DIV class=byline><CITE class=vcard>By Maggie Fox, Health and Science Editor <SPAN class="fn org">Maggie Fox, Health And Science Editor</SPAN> </CITE>– <ABBR class=timedate title=2009-10-13T12:37:21-0700>Tue&nbsp;Oct&nbsp;13, 3:37&nbsp;pm&nbsp;ET</ABBR></DIV><!-- end .byline --><br />
<DIV class=yn-story-content><br />
<P>WASHINGTON (Reuters) – Most of the people who have died from the new <SPAN class=yshortcuts id=lw_1255462806_0 style="BACKGROUND: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%; CURSOR: hand; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none">pandemic</SPAN> H1N1 flu had underlying conditions such as <SPAN class=yshortcuts id=lw_1255462806_1 style="CURSOR: hand; BORDER-BOTTOM: #0066cc 1px dashed">asthma</SPAN>, but 45 percent seemed healthy, according to the largest study yet of U.S. cases.</P><br />
<P>Children with sickle cell and other blood diseases have a special risk from the swine flu, just as they do from seasonal influenza, Dr. Anne Schuchat of the <SPAN class=yshortcuts id=lw_1255462806_2 style="CURSOR: hand; BORDER-BOTTOM: #0066cc 1px dashed">U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</SPAN> said on Tuesday.</P><br />
<P>She said injectable versions of the flu vaccine &#8212; suitable for babies, people with asthma and people 50 and older &#8212; will be available this week.</P><br />
<P>Schuchat said the <SPAN class=yshortcuts id=lw_1255462806_3>CDC</SPAN> collected detailed data on 1,400 adults and 500 children hospitalized with swine flu in 10 states. The findings confirm that most serious cases and deaths have been in people under the age of 65.</P><br />
<P>&#8220;The vast majority of hospitalizations and deaths are occurring in younger people,&#8221; Schuchat told reporters in a telephone briefing. Five more children have died, bringing the H1N1 death toll among children in the United States to 81.</P><br />
<P>She said 55 percent of the adults had a condition known to worsen flu of all kinds. &#8220;In adults, the most common underlying conditions were asthma and <SPAN class=yshortcuts id=lw_1255462806_4>chronic lung disease</SPAN>, <SPAN class=yshortcuts id=lw_1255462806_5>chronic heart disease</SPAN> and immunosuppression,&#8221; Schuchat said.</P><br />
<P>Six percent were pregnant. Pregnant women have suppressed <SPAN class=yshortcuts id=lw_1255462806_6>immune systems</SPAN> so their bodies do not reject the baby, and may also have pressure on the lungs from the fetus.</P><br />
<P>&#8220;And in children, the most common underlying conditions were asthma and chronic lung disease, neurological or <SPAN class=yshortcuts id=lw_1255462806_7>neuromuscular diseases</SPAN>, and sickle cell or other <SPAN class=yshortcuts id=lw_1255462806_8>blood disorders</SPAN>.&#8221;</P><br />
<P>Schuchat said 5.8 percent of hospitalized children had a blood disease related to <SPAN class=yshortcuts id=lw_1255462806_9>red blood cells</SPAN>, such as <SPAN class=yshortcuts id=lw_1255462806_10 style="CURSOR: hand; BORDER-BOTTOM: #0066cc 1px dashed">sickle cell disease</SPAN>.</P><br />
<P>The CDC had not mentioned sickle cell disease before as a special risk, but such children had been highlighted in influenza guidelines as being at special risk and needing to be vaccinated every year.</P><br />
<P>9.8 MILLION DOSES</P><br />
<P>Schuchat said the vaccination program was continuing slowly. The CDC has opted to start immunizing people as soon as vaccine becomes available, which means supply has been spotty.</P><br />
<P>&#8220;As of yesterday, 9.8 million doses of the H1N1 vaccine were available to be ordered,&#8221; Schuchat said. States have ordered 5.8 million of these doses to go to providers.</P><br />
<P>&#8220;I&#8217;m happy to say that about half of the vaccine that&#8217;s available for order is now the injectable form,&#8221; she said.</P><br />
<P>So far the vaccine available for swine flu has been only AstraZeneca unit MedImmune&#8217;s <SPAN class=yshortcuts id=lw_1255462806_11>nasal spray vaccine</SPAN>, which is only approved for people aged 2 to 49 without asthma or other lung conditions. States have been giving it to healthcare workers or older children.</P><br />
<P>Schuchat agreed that some places had experienced trouble getting either H1N1 or seasonal <SPAN class=yshortcuts id=lw_1255462806_12 style="CURSOR: hand; BORDER-BOTTOM: #0066cc 1px dashed">influenza vaccine</SPAN> quickly.</P><br />
<P>&#8220;It does take time to process the orders, to package them for the right amounts that are heading out toward the many sites we&#8217;ll be delivering vaccine, and this is going to be ongoing over the next days and weeks,&#8221; she said.</P><br />
<P>Vaccine would be more widely available at the end of October, Schuchat said.<br />
<P>She said there was no rush for people to be vaccinated against seasonal influenza.<br />
<P>&#8220;Right now we&#8217;re seeing the H1N1 strains. We aren&#8217;t seeing much at all of the seasonal strains. And we think there&#8217;s time to be vaccinated against the seasonal flu. Even if more vaccine isn&#8217;t available until November or December, we think it will be just fine to be vaccinated then,&#8221; she said.<br />
<P>(Editing by Mohammad Zargham)</P></DIV></p>
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