건강과 대안 » 대리모 http://www.chsc.or.kr 연구공동체 Mon, 13 Apr 2026 01:34:28 +0000 ko-KR hourly 1 http://wordpress.org/?v=3.5.2 [줄기세포] 동결된 피부로 돼지복제 성공… 경상대 수의과대 노규진 교수팀 두마리 생산 http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&p=3835 http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&p=3835#comments Fri, 22 Mar 2013 10:35:37 +0000 건강과대안 http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&p=3835 “연구팀은 이 기술에 대해 특허를출원하고 논문을 발표할 예정이다.”====================동결된 피부로 돼지복제 성공… 경상대 수의과대 노규진 교수팀 두마리 생산국민일보 입력:2013.03.21 21:05http://news.kukinews.com/article/view.asp?page=1&gCode=kmi&arcid=0007009925&cp=du “장기간 동결(凍結) [...]]]>

논문이나 특허보다 먼저 나온 언론 홍보 ==> “연구팀은 이 기술에 대해 특허를
출원하고 논문을 발표할 예정이다.”

====================

동결된 피부로 돼지복제 성공… 경상대 수의과대 노규진 교수팀 두마리 생산

국민일보 입력:2013.03.21 21:05
http://news.kukinews.com/article/view.asp?page=1&gCode=kmi&arcid=0007009925&cp=du





“장기간 동결(凍結) 보관된 조직에서 줄기세포를 구축하는 기술은 향후 사람의 줄기세포 치료에 적용될 수 있는 좋은 밑거름이 될 것으로 확신합니다.”

경상대 수의과대 노규진(왼쪽 사진) 교수가 이끄는 연구팀은 장기간 조직 상태로 동결 보존한 돼지의 피부에서 줄기세포를 분리해 미세조작기법으로 복제돼지를 생산하는 데 성공했다고 21일 밝혔다.

이번 연구 성과로 노 교수팀은 동물 유전자원 보관과 멸종위기종 복구, 특정 형질의 개량, 재생의학 발전에 큰 발판을 마련한 것으로 평가되고 있다. 특히 이번 연구는 장기간 동결 보존된 조직에서도 핵이식 때 난자에서 핵의 재구성이 가능한 줄기세포주가 분리될 수 있다는 사실을 입증했다.

노 교수는 “일반적으로 동물 복제에 사용되는 공여(Donor)세포는 신선한 체세포나 줄기세포를 이용한다”며 “그러나 세포가 죽기 전 줄기세포를 추출해야 해 시간적 여유가 없다는 것이 난관이었다”고 말했다.

노 교수팀은 복제동물 생산의 효율을 높이기 위해 2006년 4월 돼지의 귀 조직을 동결 보존한 뒤 최적의 성체유래 줄기세포 분리 및 배양 시스템을 구축했다. 이어 2012년 10월 이 돼지 조직을 꺼내 줄기세포 배양에 성공, 분리된 줄기세포로 복제수정란을 생산했다. 이 복제수정란을 암컷 자궁에 이식해 지난 10일 건강한 수컷돼지 두 마리를 생산했다.

여성 암환자의 경우 항암치료의 악영향으로 난소가 파괴돼 불임 가능성이 크다. 따라서 정상 상태의 난소를 추출, 동결 보존한 뒤 항암치료 이후 보존된 난소에서 줄기세포를 분리해 활용하면 불임 등의 문제를 해결할 수 있다는 것이다.

진주=이영재 기자 yj3119@kmib.co.kr

===================

http://vet.gnu.ac.kr/sub/04_06.jsp


노규진교수


노규진교수님




  • 성 명 : 노규진 (Rho, Gyu-Jin)
  • 직 급 : 교수
  • 연구실 : 수의산과학
  • 전 화 : 055-751-5824
  • E-mail : jinrho@gnu.ac.kr
  • 담당과목 : 의산과학, 임상번식학


학력


  • 경상대학교 수의과대학 (수의학 학사)
  • 경상대학교 대학원 수의학과 수의산과학 전공 (수의학 석사)
  • 경상대학교 대학원 수의학과 수의산과학 전공 (수의학 박사)

경력


  • 바이오장기 사업단단장
  • 경상대학교 수의과대학 부학장
  • 경상대학교 수의과대학 동물병원장
  • Univ. of Guelph Adjunct professor, Canada
  • Univ. of Guelph 교환교수, Canada
  • Univ. of Guelph Visiting Scientist, Canada
  • Univ. of Guelph Postdoctoral Fellow, Canada

연구업적


INTERNATIONAL(SCI)



  1. Song HJ, Kang EJ, Kim MJ, Ock SA, Jeon BG, Lee SL, Rho GJ. (2010) Influence of Parthenogenetic Activation on Nuclear Maturation of Canine Oocytes. J Vet Med Sci. 2010 Mar 10. [Epub ahead of print]
  2. Ryu YM, Hah YS, Park BW, Kim DR, Roh GS, Kim JR, Kim UK, Rho GJ, Maeng GH, Byun JH. (2010) Osteogenic differentiation of human periosteal-derived cells in a three-dimensional collagen scaffold. Mol Biol Rep. Jan 28. [Epub ahead of print]
  3. Lee SL, Kang EJ, Maeng GH, Kim MJ, Park JK, Kim TS, Hyun SH, Lee ES, Rho GJ. (2010) Developmental Ability of Miniature Pig Embryos Cloned with Mesenchymal Stem Cells. J Reprod Dev. Jan 27. [Epub ahead of print]
  4. Hong J, Bae S, Kang Y, Yoon D, Bai X, Chan ED, Azam T, Dinarello CA, Lee S, Her E, Rho G, Kim S. (2010) Suppressing IL-32 in monocytes impairs the induction of the proinflammatory cytokines TNFalpha and IL-1beta. Cytokine. 2010 Feb;49(2):171-6. Epub 2009 Oct 31.
  5. Kang EJ, Byun JH, Choi YJ, Maeng GH, Lee SL, Kang DH, Lee JS, Rho GJ, Park BW. (2009) In vitro and in vivo osteogenesis of porcine skin-derived mesenchymal stem cell-like cells with a demineralized bone and fibrin glue scaffold. Tissue Eng Part A. Sep 24. [Epub ahead of print]
  6. Cha JY, Jung MH, Ermawati N, Su’udi M, Rho GJ, Han CD, Lee KH, Son D. (2009) Functional characterization of orchardgrass endoplasmic reticulum-resident Hsp90 (DgHsp90) as a chaperone and an ATPase. Plant Physiol Biochem. ;47(10):859-866.
  7. Ryu JM, Kim DH, Lee MY, Lee SH, Park JH, Yun SP, Jang MW, Kim SH, Rho GJ, Han HJ. (2009) Imaging evaluation of the liver using multi-detector row computed tomography in micropigs as potential living liver donors. J Vet Sci. ;10(2):93-98.
  8. Gyu Jin Rho, B. Mohana Kumar, S. Balasubramanian. (2009) Porcine mesenchymal stem cells – Current technological status and future perspective. Frontiers in Bioscience 14, 3942-3961 (Review article)
  9. Yeon-Ji Jeong, Mi-Kyeong Kim, Hye-Jin Song, Eun-Ju Kang, Sun-A Ock, B. Mohana kumar, S. Balasubramanian and Gyu-Jin Rho (2008) Effect of α-tocopherol Supplementation During Boar Semen Cryopreservation on Sperm Characteristics and Expression of Apoptosis Related Genes. Cryobiology 58(2):181-189.
  10. Sun-A Ock and Gyu-Jin Rho (2008) Parthenogenetic development and ploidy following various chemical activation regiments of bovine oocytes. J Vet Med Sci 70(11):1165-1172.
  11. Jeon BG, Coppola G, Perrault SD, Rho GJ, Betts DH, King WA. (2008) S-adenosylhomocysteine treatment of adult female fibroblasts alters X-chromosome inactivation and improves in vitro embryo development after somatic cell nuclear transfer. Reproduction 135(6):815-828.
  12. B. Mohana Kumar, Jae-Gyu Yoo, Sun-A Ock, Jung-Gon Kim, Hye-Jin Song, Eun-Ju Kang, Seong-Keun Cho, Sung-Lim Lee, Jae-Hyeon Cho, S. Balasubramanian and Gyu-Jin Rho. (2007) In Vitro Differentiation of Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells Derived from Porcine Umbilical Cord Blood. Mol Cell 24(3): 343-50
  13. Balasubramanian S, WJ Son, Mohanakumar B, SA Ock, GS Im, SY Choe and Gyu-Jin Rho. (2007). Expression pattern of oxygen and stress responsive gene transcripts at different developmental stages of in vitro and in vivo preimplantation bovine embryos. Theriogenology 68(2):265-275.
  14. B. Mohana Kumar, JG Kim, HJ Song, SA Ock, S. Balasubramanian, SY Choe, Gyu-Jin Rho. (2007). Effect of histone acetylation modification with sodium butyrate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor on cell cycle, apoptosis, ploidy and gene expression in porcine fetal fibroblasts. J Reprod Dev 53(4): 903-13
  15. GJ Rho, Balasubramanian S, DS Kim, WJ Son, SR Cho, JG Kim, Mohana kumar B, SY Choe. (2007). Influence of in vitro oxygen concentrations on preimplantation embryo development, gene expression and production of Hanwoo calves following embryo transfer. Mol. Reprod. Dev 74(4):486-496
  16. S. Balasubramanian, GJ Rho. (2007). Effect of cysteamine supplementation of in vitro matured bovine oocytes on chilling sensitivity and development of embryos. Anim Reprod Sci 100(1-2):128-40
  17. YS Lee, SA Ock, SK Cho, S.Balasubramanian, SY Choe, GJ Rho. (2007). Effect of donor cell types and passages on preimplantation development and apoptosis in porcine cloned embryos. AJAS 20(5):711-717.
  18. JG Yoo, GJ Rho. (2007). Effect of oocyte activation regimens on ploidy of nuclear transfer embryos reconstructed with fetal fibroblasts in rabbit. AJAS. 20(5):718-724.
  19. B. Mohana kumar, HF Jin, JG Kim, SA Ock, YG Hong, S. Balasubramanian, SY Choe, GJ Rho. (2007). Differential gene expression patterns in porcine nuclear transfer embryos reconstructed with fetal fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells. Developmental Dynamics 236:435-446.
  20. GJ Rho, G Coppola, J Sosnowski, R Kasimanickam, WH Johnson, E Semple, GF Mastromonaco, DH Betts, TG Koch, S Weese, J Hewson, MA Hayes, DG Kenny, PK Basrur, WA King. (2007). Use of somatic cell nuclear transfer to study meiosis in female cattle carrying a sex-dependent fertility-impairing x-chromosome abnormality. Cloning Stem Cells. 9(1):118-129.
  21. HF Jin, B. Mohana kumar, JG Kim, HJ Song, YJ Jeong, SK Cho, S. Balasubramanian, SY Choe, GJ Rho. (2007). Enhanced development of porcine embryos cloned from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Dev Biol. 51:85-90.
  22. SL Lee, B. Mohana kumar, JG Kim, SA Ock, BG Jeon, S. Balasubramanian, SY Choe, GJ Rho. (2007). Cellular composition and viability of cloned bovine embryos using exogene transfected somatic cells. Reprod Domest Anim 42, 44?52
  23. Shi LY, HF Jin, JG Kim, B Mohana kumar, S Balasubramanian, SY Choe, GJ Rho. (2007). Ultrastructural changes and developmental potential of porcine oocytes vitrified by ultra-rapid cooling method. Anim Reprod Sci 100 128?140
  24. SA Ock, SL Lim, JG Kim, B Mohana kumar, S Balasubramanian, SY Choe, GJ Rho. (2007). Development and quality of porcine embryos in different culture system and embryo producing methods. Zygote 15:1-8.
  25. JY Han, YS Kim, GJ Cho, GS Roh, HJ Kim, WJ Choi, WY Paik, GJ Rho, SS Kang, WS Choi. (2006). Altered Gene Expression of Caspase-10, Death Receptor-3 and IGFBP-3 in Preeclamptic Placentas. Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 168-174
  26. S Balasubramanian, GJ Rho. (2006). Effect on development of chilling in vitro produced bovine embryos at various cleavage stages. J Assit Reprod Genetics 23:55-61.
  27. B. Mohana kumar, HF Jin, JG Kim, HJ Song, YG Hong, S. Balasubramanian, SY Choe, GJ Rho. (2006). DNA methylation levels in porcine fetal fibroblasts induced by demethylating agent, 5-azacttidine. Cell and Tissue Research 325:445-454.
  28. CY Choe, Cho SR, Son DS, Kim YK, S Balasubramanian, SY Choe, GJ Rho. (2006). Influence of seasons, extenders, slow and rapid freezing on seminal characters in Korean native bucks. Reprod Dom Anim 41:55-60.
  29. SA Ock, DO Kwack, SL Lee, SR Cho, BG Jeon, B Mohana kumar, SY Choe, GJ Rho, (2006). In vitro development of bovine oocytes reconstructed with round spermatids. Theriogenology 65:1242-1253.
  30. JS Bhak, SL Lee, SA Ock, M kumar B, SY Choe, GJ Rho. (2006). Development rate and ploidy of embryos produced by nuclear transfer with different activation treatments in cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 60:1-13.
  31. Alexnder B, G Coppola, D Di Berardino, GJ Rho, E St John, DH Betts, WA King. (2006). The effect of 6-DMAP and CHX on the development and chromosomal complement of sheep parthenogenetic and nuclear transfer embryos. Mol Reprod Dev 73:20-30.
  32. Ock SA, Lee SL, Jeon BG, Cho SR, Mohana kumar B, YS Choi, Choe SY, GJ Rho. (2006). Isolation and viability of presumptive round spermatids collected from bull testis by percoll density gradient. Anim Reprod Sci. 144?156 60:1-13.
  33. SL Lee, SA Ock, KG Yoo, B Mohana kumar, SY Choe, GJ Rho. (2005). Efficiency of gene transfection into donor cells for nuclear transfer of bovine embryos. Mol Reprod Dev 72:191-200.
  34. SR Cho, SA Ock, JG Yoo, Mohana kumar B, SY Choe, GJ Rho. (2005). Effects of confluent, roscovitine treatment and serum starvation on the cell cycle synchronixation of bovine fetal fibroblasts. Reprod Dom Anim. 40:171-176.
  35. YS Kim, SL Lee, SA Ock, Balasubramanian S, SY Choe, GJ Rho. (2005). Development of cloned pig embryos by nuclear transfer following different activation treatments. Mol Reprod Dev. 70(3):308-313
  36. GJ Rho, SL Lee, YS Kim, HJ Yeo, SA Ock, S. Balasubramanian, SY Choe. (2004). Intracytoplasmic sperm injection of frozen-thawed bovine oocytes and subsequent embryo development. Mol Reprod Dev. 68:449-455.
  37. GF Mastromonaco, E Semple, C Robert, GJ Rho, DH Betts, WA King. (2004). Different culture media requirements of IVF and nuclear transfer bovine embryos. Reprod Dom Anim. 39:462-467.
  38. JG Yoo, SY Choe, GJ Rho. (2003). Efficient production of cloned bovine embryos using cdc2 kinase inhibitor. Reprod Dom Anim. 38(6):444-50.
  39. SA Ock, JS Bhak, Balasubramanian S, HJ Lee, SY Choe, GJ Rho. (2003). Different activation treatments for successful development of bovine oocytes following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Zygote 11:69-76.
  40. GJ Rho, S Kim, JG Yoo, S Balasubramanian, HJ Lee, SY Choe. (2002). Microtubulin configuration and mitochondrial distribution after ultra-rapid cooling of bovine oocytes. Cryopreservation of bovine oocytes using a rapid freezing methods. Mol Reprod Dev 63:464-470.
  41. SR Cho, SK Cho, SL Lee, HJ Lee, SY Choe, GJ Rho. (2002). Enhanced cryosurvival of bovine blastocysts produced in vitro in serum free medium. J Assisted Reprod and Genetics 19(10):487-492.
  42. GJ Rho, AC Hahnel, KJ Betteridge. (2001). Comparisons of oocyte maturation times and of three methods of sperm preparation for their effects on the production of goat embryos in vitro. Theriogenology 56:503-516.
  43. GJ Rho, TY Kang, HSP Kochhar, AC Hahnel, KJ Betteridge. (2001). Effects of blastomere sex and fluorescent labeling on the development of bovine chimeric embryos reconstituted at the four-cell stage. Mol Reprod Dev 60:202-207.
  44. BG Jeon, JS Moon, KC Kim, HJ Lee, SY Choe, GJ Rho. (2001). Follicular fluid enhances sperm attraction and its motility in human. J Assisted Reprod and Genetics 18(8):407-412.
  45. GJ Rho, WH Johnson, KJ Betteridge. (1998). Cellular composition and viability of demi- and quarter-embryos made from bisected bovine morulae and blastocysts produced in vitro. Theriogenology 50:885-895.
  46. GJ Rho, B Wu, S Kawarsky, SP Leibo, KJ Betteridge. (1998). Activation regimens to prepare bovine oocytes for intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Mol Reprod Dev 50:485-492.
  47. GJ Rho, S Kawarsky, WH Johnson, K Kocchar, KJ Betteridge. (1998). Sperm and oocyte treatments to improve the formation of male and female pronuclei and subsequent development following intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Biology of Reproduction. 59:918-924.

NATIONAL (Domestic)



  1. Choi MJ, Byun JH, Kang EJ, Rho GJ, Kim UK, Kim JR, Park BW. (2008). Isolation of porcine multipotential skin-derived precursor cells and its multilineage differentiation. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. 34(6): 588-593
  2. 최수호, 김주헌, 강태영, 이준희, 박용수, 노규진. (2008). Development a Following of Serum Addition In Vitro Culture and Embryo Transfe. 한국수정란이식학회지 23(1): 51-57
  3. 강은주, 류재규, 송혜진, 송승희, 노규진, 최상용. (2007). Effects of ANTORIN R-10 on Ovarian Morphology, Follicular Development and Serum Estradiol Level in Immature Wistar Rats. 한국임상수의학회지 24(4): 563-567
  4. 박봉욱, 이정희, 노규진, 김종렬, 변준호. (2007). Oral squamous cell carcinoma associated with human papillomavirus infections; two cases report and review of the literature. 대한구강안면외과학회지 33(5): 548-553
  5. 송혜진, 강은주, 옥선아 전병균, 노규진, 최상용. (2007). Influences of LH, FSH, EGF and Cysteine on In Vitro Canine Oocyte Maturation. Reproductive & Developmental Biology. 31(3): 169-174
  6. 최수호, 박용수, 손우진, 이준희, 노규진, 김주헌, 최상용. (2007). Superovulation Response by FSH Treatments in Hanwoo. Reproductive & Developmental Biology 31(3): 119-205
  7. Wan Sung Choi, Jae Yoon Han, Jae Yoon Han, Gyeong Jae Cho, Gu Seob Roh, Gu Seob Roh, Won Jun Choi, Won Young Paik, Gyu Jin Rho, Sang Soo Kang. (2006). Altered Gene Expression of Caspase-10, Death Receptor-3 and IGFBP-3 in Preeclamtic Placentas. 분자와 세포 22(2): 168-174
  8. 김주헌, 전제철, 노규진, 홍용근, 최상용. (2006). 돼지 적출 자궁 평활근의 운동성에 있어서 transmural nerve stimulation에 대한 β?adrenergic 신경의 이완작용. 한국임상수의학회지 23(4): 421-426. JH Kim, JC Jeon, GJ Rho, Y Hong, SY Cheo. (2006). Relaxative effect of transmural nerve stimulation via β-adrenergic nerve on the isolated uterine smmoth muscle motility of pigs. J Vet Clin 23(4): 421-426.
  9. Kim JG, B. Mohana Kumar, SK Cho, SA Ock, BG Jeon, S. Balasubramanian, GJ Rho, SY Choe. (2006). Comparisons of developmental potential and gene expression level in porcine nuclear transfer, parthenogenetic and fertilized embryos. Reprod Develop Biol 30(2) 119-124
  10. Song SH, JG Kim, HJ Song, B Mohana kumar, SR Cho, CY Choe, SH Choi, GJ Rho, SY Choe. (2005). Effect of EGF on meiotic maturation and pronuclear formation of porcine oocytes produced in vitro. Reprod Dev Biol 28:127-131.
  11. Jung YH, MS, Lee, GJ Jeon, SS Jang, GH Suh, JJ Park, CW Lee, KJ Na, GJ Rho, and SY Choe. (2004). Blood urea nitrogen and body condition score on reproductive efficiency in Korean cattle. Korean J. Emb. Trans. 19:53-59.
  12. Choi CY, DS Son, YK Kim, MH Han, UG Kweon, SH Choi, YH Chpy, SB Choi, YM Cho, SK Son, GJ Rho, and SY Choe. (2004). Development of superovulation method in Korean native goats. Korean J. Emb. Trans. 19:61-66.
  13. Choi CY, DS Son, YK Kim, MH Han, UG Kweon, SH Choi, YH Chpy, SB Choi, YM Cho, SK Son, GJ Rho, and SY Choe. (2004). Effect of antioxidant on development of embryos in Korean native goats. Korean J. Emb. Trans. 19:67-73.
  14. SY Choe,YG Hwang, SL Lee, SR Cho, SA Ock and GJ Rho. (2003). Effect of progesterone implant and follicular rupture on estrus induction and fertility in anestrus cows. Korean J. Emb. Trans. 18: 115-124.
  15. BJ Jeon, SL Lee, SA Ock, KS Kim, JS Moon, DO Kwack, GJ Rho, and SY Choe. (2003). Influence of humen follicular fluid for IVF on PN grade and development of human embryos. Korean J. Emb. Trans. 18: 125-134.
  16. BJ Jeon, SL Lee, SA Ock, KS Kim, JS Moon, DO Kwack, GJ Rho, and SY Choe. (2003). Effect of PN grade on subsequent in vitro of human embryos. Korean J. Emb. Trans. 18: 135-142.
  17. CS Kim, CKWon, GH Cho, KW Cho, JS Park, GJ Rho. (2002). A case of fuse throacic vertebrae, and lumbar vertebrae, sacrum and ilium of African elephant (Loxodonta africana) were fused one another partially. Korean J Vet Res 42(2):131-136.
  18. SA Ock, DO Kwack, SR Cho, SK Cho, EH Yeao, JG Yoo, YR Lee, HJ Lee, SY Choe, GJ Rho. (2002). Development of Bovine Embryos Produced by Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI). Korean J. Emb. Trans, 17(1): 13-21.
  19. SH Choi, YS Park, SR Cho, TY Kang, SH Sin, SS Kang. GJ Rho, SY Choe. (2002). Superovulation Response and Quality of Embryos Recovered from Cattle After a Single Subcutaneous Injection of FSH Dissolved in Polyethylene Glycol. Korean J. Emb. Trans, 17(1): 67-77.
  20. 20. SL Lee, TY Kang, JG Yoo, HJ Yeo, SN Kim, SA Ock, GJ Rho, SY Choe. (2001). Development of parthenotes produced by various treatments in bovine. Korean J Emb Trans 16:107-115.
  21. JR Cheong, JG Yoo, SR Yang, HJ Yeo, JS Bhak, EH Yeao, GJ Rho, SY Choe. (2001). Acrosomal changes and survivability of following preservation of dog spermatozoa. I. Effect of different freezing ramp rates. Korean J Emb Trans 16:133-138.
  22. JR Cheong, JG Yoo, SR Yang, HJ Yeo, JS Bhak, EH Yeao, GJ Rho, SY Choe. (2001). Acrosomal changes and survivability of following preservation of dog spermatozoa. I. The effects of different chilling duration. Korean J Emb Trans 16:35-40.
  23. SK Cho, GJ Rho, JG Lee, HJ Lee, SY Choe, CS Park. (2000). Effect of different culture conditions on in vitro production of bovine embryos. Korean J Emb Trans 15:271-277.
  24. TY Kang, XJ Yin, GJ Rho, H Lee, YJ Chae, HJ Lee. (2000). Cloning of transgenic rabbit embryos expressing green fluorescent protein gene by nuclear transplantation. Korean J Emb Trans 15:167-173.
  25. HJ Lee, TY Kang, GJ Rho, YJ Chae, H Lee, SY Choe. (2000). Screening of green fluorescent protein gene and sexing by PCR in bovine embryos. Korean J Emb Trans 15:157-165.
  26. SD Kwak, CS Kim, SB Kim, GJ Rho, PO Koh. (2000). A case of lymphoma in a Holstein cattle. Korean J Vet Clin Med 17:289-292.
  27. BC Lee, KN Lee, ES Lee, CH Son, IS Yul, SY Choi, GJ Rho, SJ Oh, KK Jung, SC Kim, KS Kim, SC Joo, G Jang, WS Hwang. (2000). Studies on development of breeding technique to increase Hanwoo. Korean J Emb Trans 15:77-83.
  28. XJ Yin, SK Cho, GJ Rho, HJ Lee, SY Choe, CS Park. (1999). Production of identical rabbit offspring by nuclear transplantation. Korean J Emb Trans 14:195-201.
  29. GJ Rho. (1998). Effect of sperm pretreatment technique on subsequent in vitro development of bovine embryos. Korean J Emb Trans 13:117-125.
  30. CY Choe, GJ Rho, SY Choe. (1998). Effect of gonadotropin treatments on ovarian response, ovulation and embryo production in rabbits. Korean J Emb Trans 13:127-137.
  31. SY Choe, GJ Rho, IK Kong, SH Song, SK Cho, JK Park, HJ Lee, CS Park. (1997). Effects of manipulation conditions on development of nuclear transplant bovine embryos derived from in vitro matured oocytes. Korean J Animal Reprod 21:293-302.
  32. DS Son, IH Kim, HJ Lee, BC Yang, SH Choi, KW Lee, GJ Rho, SY Choe. (1997). Studies on embryo cryopreservation and twinning by embryo transfer of Korean Native Cattle : III. Culture and Freezing of IVF bisected embryos. Korean journal of embryo transfer Vol.12(2) pp.151-159
  33. GJ Rho, TY Kang, HJ Lee, CS Park, SY Choe. (1996). Production efficiency of in vitro fertilized embryo by different maturation periods and culture systems. Korean J Emb Trans 11:241-248.
  34. SY Cheo, GJ Rho, CY Choe, TY Kang, XY Yin, WJ Son, HJ Lee, CS Park. (1996). Superovulation in rabbits with a single injection of FSH dissolved in polyvinylpyrrolidone. Korean Emb Trans 11:211-216.
  35. SY Choe, YR Lee, GJ Rho, HJ Lee, CS Park. (1995). Cryopreservation of rabbit embryos by vitrification. Korean Vet Res 35:635-641.
  36. HJ Lee, BG Jeon, KM Lee, HJ Yun, IK Kong, GJ Rho, MC Choi, SY Choe, CS Park. (1994). Production of cloned rabbits by nuclear transplantation. Korean J Emb Trans 9:161-165.
  37. IK Kong, GJ Rho, KH Cheong, EB Lee, SK Cho, CS Park. (1994). Effect of equilibration time and developmental stage on the survival of mouse embryos cryopreserved by vitrification in EFS solution. Korean J Emb Trans 9:173-179.
  38. GJ Rho, IK Kong, DO Kwak, HJ Lee, SY Choe, CS Park. (1994). Effect of electric stimulation on parthenogenesis of in vitro matured oocytes from Korean native heifers. Korean J Emb Trans 9:145-151.
  39. CS Park, IK Kong, GJ Rho, HJ Lee, SY Choe. (1994). In vitro development of nuclear transplanted bovine embryos using in vitro fertilized embryos of Korean native heifers. Korean J Animal Reprod 18:113-119.
  40. GJ Rho, SE Park, CS Shim, JH Kim, SY Choe. (1994). Actions of acetylcholine, norepinephrine, histamine and prostaglandin F2? on the motility of pig oviductal isthmic smooth muscle. Korean J Vet Res 34:493-500.
  41. CS Park, IK Kong, GJ Rho, YK Joo, SH Song, YG Whang, JK Park, SK Cho, BG Jeon, KM Lee, HJ Yun, MC Choi, HJ Lee, SY Choe. (1994). Production of Korean native calf by in vitro maturation, fertilization, cultivation and transfer of embryos into Holstein cows. Korean J Animal Reprod 18:47-54.
  42. GJ Rho, HJ Lee, SH Song, HJ Yun, CS Park. (1994). Effect of culture media and co-culture with bovine or rabbit oviductal epithelial cells on in vitro development of rabbit embryos. Korean J Animal Reprod 18:39-46.
  43. IK Kong, YK Joo, DO Kwack, GJ Rho, CS Park. (1994). Effects of addition of granulosa cells for oocyte maturation on cleavage and development of ovine IVF embryos. Korean J Emb Trans 9:1-6.
  44. SY Choe, IK Kong, YK Joo, GJ Rho, YK Kim, CS Park. (1993). Fertilization in vitro of follicular oocytes and cryopreservation of embryo fertilized and developed in vitro in Korean native cattle. Korean J Vet Res 33:757-762.


이성림교수


이성림교수님




  • 성 명 : 이성림 (Lee, Sung-Lim)
  • 직 급 : 조교수
  • 연구실 : 수의산과학
  • 전 화 : 055-751-5811
  • E-mail : sllee@gnu.ac.kr
  • 담당과목 : 수의산과학


학력


  • 경상대학교 수의과대학 (수의학 학사)
  • 경상대학교 대학원 수의학과 수의임상의학 전공 (수의학 석사)
  • 경상대학교 대학원 수의학과 수의산과학 전공 (수의학 박사)

경력


  • National Institute of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA (Postdoctoral Fellow)

연구업적


INTERNATIONAL(SCI)



  1. Zscan4 regulates telomere elongation and genomic stability in ES cells. Zalzman M, Falco G, Sharova LV, Nishiyama A, Thomas M, Lee SL, Stagg CA, Hoang HG, Yang HT, Indig FE, Wersto RP, Ko MS. Nature. 2010 Apr 8.
  2. Influence of Parthenogenetic Activation on Nuclear Maturation of Canine Oocytes. Song HJ, Kang EJ, Kim MJ, Ock SA, Jeon BG, Lee SL, Rho GJ. J Vet Med Sci. 2010 Mar 10.
  3. Developmental Ability of Miniature Pig Embryos Cloned with Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Lee SL, Kang EJ, Maeng GH, Kim MJ, Park JK, Kim TS, Hyun SH, Lee ES, Rho GJ. J Reprod Dev. 2010 Jan 27.
  4. Uncovering early response of gene regulatory networks in ESCs by systematic induction of transcription factors. Nishiyama A, Xin L, Sharov AA, Thomas M, Mowrer G, Meyers E, Piao Y, Mehta S, Yee S, Nakatake Y, Stagg C, Sharova L, Correa-Cerro LS, Bassey U, Hoang H, Kim E, Tapnio R, Qian Y, Dudekula D, Zalzman M, Li M, Falco G, Yang HT, Lee SL, Monti M, Stanghellini I, Islam MN, Nagaraja R, Goldberg I, Wang W, Longo DL, Schlessinger D, Ko MS. Cell Stem Cell. 2009 2;5(4):420-33.
  5. In vitro and in vivo osteogenesis of porcine skin-derived mesenchymal stem cell-like cells with a demineralized bone and fibrin glue scaffold. Kang EJ, Byun JH, Choi YJ, Maeng GH, Lee SL, Kang DH, Lee JS, Rho GJ, Park BW. Tissue Eng Part A. 2010 16(3):815-27.
  6. Stanghellini I, Falco G, Lee SL, Monti M, Ko MS. Gene Expr. Patterns. Trim43a, Trim43b, and Trim43c: Novel mouse genes expressed specifically in mouse preimplantation embryos.. 2009 ;9(8):595-602.
  7. BM Kumar, JG Yoo, SA Ock, JG Kim, HJ Song, EJ Kang, SK Cho, SL Lee, JH Cho, S Balasubramanian. and GJ Rho. Mol. Cell. 2007 31;24(3):343-50. Characterization and in vitro differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells derived from porcine umbilical cord blood.
  8. SL Lee*, G Falco *, I Stanghellini, Bassey UC, Hamatani T, Ko MS. Zscan4: a novel gene expressed exclusively in late 2-cell embryos and embryonic stem cells. Dev Biol. 2007 15;307(2) :539-50. * These authors contributed equally.
  9. SA Ock, SL Lee, JG Kim, BM Kumar, S Balasubramanian, SY Choe, GJ Rho. Development and quality of porcine embryos in different culture system and embryo-producing methods. Zygote. 2007 15(1):1-8.
  10. SL Lee, BM Kumar, JG Kim, SA Ock, BG Jeon, S Balasubramanian, SY Choe, GJ Rho. Cellular composition and viability of cloned bovine embryos using exogene-transfected somatic cells. Reprod Domest Anim. 2007 42(1):44-52.
  11. SA Ock, DO Kwack, SL Lee, SR Cho, BG Jeon, BM Kumar, SY Choe, GJ Rho. In vitro development of bovine oocytes reconstructed with round spermatids. Theriogenology. 2006 15; 65(7):1242-1253.
  12. SA Ock, SL Lee, BG Jeon, SR Cho, BM Kumar, YS Choi, SY Choe, GJ Rho. Isolation and viability of presumptive spermatids collected from bull testes by Percoll density gradient. Anim Reprod Sci. 2006 93(1-2):144-156.
  13. JS Bhak, SL Lee, SA Ock, BM Kumar, SY Choe, GJ Rho. Developmental rate and ploidy of embryos produced by nuclear transfer with different activation treatments in cattle. Anim Reprod Sci. 2006 92(1-2): 37-49.
  14. SL Lee, SA Ock, JG Yoo, BM Kumar, SY Choe and GJ Rho, Efficiency of gene transfection into donor cells for nuclear transfer of bovine embryos. Mol Reprod Dev. 2005 21(72):191-200.
  15. YS Kim, SL Lee, SA Ock, S Balasubramanian, SY Choe and GJ Rho, Development of cloned pig embryos by nuclear transfer following different activation treatments. Mol Reprod Dev. 2005 70(3):308-313.
  16. GJ Rho, SL Lee, YS Kim, HJ Yeo, SA Ock, S Balasubramanian and SY Choe, Intracytoplasmic sperm injection of frozen-thawed bovine oocytes and subsequent embryo development. Mol Reprod Dev. 2004 68(4):449-455.
  17. SR Cho, SK Cho, SL Lee, HJ Lee, SY Choe and GJ Rho, Enhanced cryosurvival of bovine blastocysts produced in vitro in serum-free medium. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2002 19(10):487-492.

NATIONAL(Domestic)



  1. BG Jeon, SL Lee, SA Ock, KS Kim, JS Moon, DO Kwack, GJ Rho and SY Choe. Effect of PN Grade on Subsequent Development In Vitro of Human Embryos. Korean J. Emb. Trans, 2003 18(2):1 35-142.
  2. YR Lee, SL Lee, TY Kang and SY Choe. Viability and Acrosomal Status Changes Following Post-thawing Canine Spermatozoa. Korean J. Emb. Trans, 2003 18(1):51-59.
  3. BG Jeon, SL Lee, SA Ock, KS Kim, JS Moon, DO Kwack, GJ Rho and SY Choe. Influence of Human Follicular Fluid for IVF on PN Grade and Development of Human embryos. Korean J. Emb. Trans, 2003 18(2): 125-134.
  4. SY Choe, YG Hwang, SL Lee, SR Cho, SA Ock and GJ Rho. Effect of Progesterone Implant and Follicular Rupture on Estrus Induction and Fertility in Anestrus Cows. Korean J. Emb. Trans, 2003 18(2): 115-124.
  5. SL Lee, TY Kang, JG Yoo, HJ Yeo, SN Kim, SA Ock, GJ Rho and SY Choe. Development of Parthenotes Produced by Various Treatments in Bovine. Korean J. Emb. Trans, 2001 16(2):107-115.
  6. SL Lee, JM Hwang, SC Yeon, and HJ Lee. Anesthetic effects of tiletamine/zolazepam in combination with acepromazine or fentanyl/ xylazine/azaperone in dogs. Journal of veterinary clinics, 2001,18(1):22-28
  7. JG Yoo, SR Cho, SL Lee, SA Ock, GJ Rho, DS Son, HJ Lee and SY Choe. (2001). Activation of Bovine Oocytes by Combined Treatment with Ionomycin and cdc2 kinase Inhibitor. Korean J. Emb. Trans, 2001 16(3): 223-231.
  8. EH Yeao, YS Kim, SL Lee, TY Kang, DO Kwack, HJ Lee, and SY Choe, Development of chimeric embryos aggregated with blastomeres from parthenogenetic and in vitro fertilized bovine embryos. Korean J. Emb. Trans, 2003 18(1):15-25.

졸업자현황



































































































































취득학위 이름 현 근무처 및 직위 비고
Ph. D 손동수 축산기술연구소 연구관
Ph. D 이영락 부산동물병원장
Ph D. 조상래 축산기술 연구소 Post-doct.
Ph D. 전병균 충북대학교 연구교수
Ph D 최창용 축산기술연구소 연구사
Ph D 이성림 미국 NIH Post-doct.
Ph D 손우진 사천동물병원장
MS 이민기 뽀삐 동물병원장
MS 황영균 자연동물병원장
MS 류재규 미국 NIH Post-doct. Ph.D(몬트리올대학교 수의과대학)
MS 양성열 서울 동물병원
MS 박종식 경남축산진흥연구소 연구사
MS 김세나 (주) 제니스유통 관리수의사
MS 여현진 수의사
MS 정정란 다솜동물병원장
MS 예은하 경기도 양주시청 농축산과
MS 정영훈 강원도 축산기술연구소 연구사
MS 김양실 진주 가야자모병원
MS 김동식 고성동물변원장
Ms 석련옥 중국동포(귀국)
Ms 김해봉 중국동포(귀국)
Ms 정연지 부산대학교 연원
BS 이석재 창원동물병원장
BS 하동진 서울대 대학원


현 실험실원



































































































































취득학위 이름 현 근무처 및 직위 비고
Ph. D S. Balasubramalia Exchange professor 인도, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary andAnimal Sciences University, 교수
Ph. D Mohana Kumar Post-doct.
Ph. D 옥선아 Post-doct.
Ph D course 최수호 경북축산기술연구소 연구사
Ph D course 안현철 가람동물병원장
Ph D course 송승희 창원전문대학 애완동물관리과, 교수
Ph D course 김정곤 박사 2년차
Ph D course 송혜진 석박사 통합 3년차
MS course 이효권 합천 축협
MS course 문영철 경남수의약품
Ms course 허영 국제동물병원장
Ms course 고영진 울산동물병원장
Ms course 노치원 농촌진흥청 연구사
Ms course 정창민 하나동물병원장
Ms course 김대실 함안 인공수정센터
Ms course 강은주 석박사 통합과정 2년차
Ms course 김미경 석사과정 2년차
양영인 석사과정 1년차
Ms course
Ms course 김상선 산청군청 친환경 농축산과
BS 이승환 본과4학년
BS 맹근호 본과4학년
BS 안지훈 본과2학년
BS 권도형 본과1학년

]]> http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&p=3835/feed 0 [젠더/인권] 선천성 기형아, 친부모 낙태요구 거부하고 출산한 대리모 http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&p=3796 http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&p=3796#comments Mon, 11 Mar 2013 10:28:20 +0000 건강과대안 http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&p=3796

“우리 아이 낙태해줘” 친부모vs대리모…왜?


동아일보 입력 2013-03-11 03:00:00 기사수정 2013-03-11 09:34:08
http://news.donga.com/East/3/all/20130311/53600926/1


친부모의 낙태 요청에도 기형아 출산한 대리모 “구세주냐 악마냐” 美전역 논란


그녀는 구세주인가 악마인가.’


선천성 기형을 가진 아이를 친부모의 낙태 요청에 응하지 않고 출산한 대리모를 둘러싼 논란이 미국 전역에서 일고 있다.


최근 CNN방송에 따르면 코네티컷 주에 살던 크리스털 켈리 씨(31)는 2011년 8월 불임 부부를 돕는 것도 괜찮다고 생각해 2만2000달러를 받고 대리모가 되기로 결심했다. 두 딸을 둔 이혼녀였던 켈리 씨는 경제적으로 곤궁한 상태였다.


켈리 씨는 대리모 주선 회사를 통해 같은 주에 사는 한 부부와 연결됐다. 이미 3명의 자녀를 두고 있었던 의뢰인 부부는 4번째 아이를 원했지만 더이상 임신이 불가능하다는 판정을 받은 상태였다. 냉동보관 중이던 의뢰인 부부의 수정란은 2011년 10월 8일 켈리 씨의 자궁에 착상돼 임신은 순조롭게 진행됐다. 부부는 켈리 씨의 사정을 고려해 비용을 앞당겨 매월 나눠서 지급하고 매일 전화해 안부를 물을 정도로 친하게 지냈다.


문제는 임신 4개월인 2012년 2월에 불거졌다. 태아 사전검사 결과 심장기형과 구순구개열(언청이) 등이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 병원 의료진은 아이가 태어나면 수차례 심장수술을 받아야 하고 출생 후 정상 생활을 할 확률은 25% 정도라는 진단을 내렸다.


이후 대리모와 친부모의 ‘전쟁 아닌 전쟁’은 시작됐다. 친부모는 태어날 아이의 고통을 생각해 낙태를 요청했다. “이들은 이미 낳은 3명의 자식 중 2명이 미숙아로 태어나 오랫동안 병원 신세를 졌고 지금도 여러 질환에 시달리고 있다”고 설명했다. 그러나 대리모는 “부모라도 아이의 생명을 멋대로 빼앗을 수 없다. 아이에게 기회를 주기 위해 모든 것을 다 시도해 봐야 한다”며 낙태를 거부했다.


3월 초 임신 24주가 가까워지면서 대립은 더 극에 달했다. 임신 24주를 넘기면 법적으로 미국에서는 낙태가 불가능하기 때문이다. 친부모는 변호사를 고용해 켈리 씨에게 낙태를 종용했다. 불응하면 병원비용도 내지 않겠지만 낙태에 응해주면 1만 달러를 추가로 지급하겠다는 제안도 했다.


그러나 켈리 씨는 종교와 양심의 이유까지 들며 거절했다. 켈리 씨는 “나만큼 아이와 교감을 한 사람은 없다. 아이가 발로 배를 차고 배 속에서 놀면서 느끼는 감정을 누가 알겠느냐”며 아이의 생명줄을 놓을 수 없음을 호소했다.


켈리 씨는 궁리 끝에 아이를 출산할 수 있는 방안을 찾았다. 코네티컷 주와 달리 미시간 주에서는 대리모에게도 부모 자격을 준다는 것을 알았다. 켈리 씨는 4월 초 두 아이를 데리고 미시간 주로 이사를 했다. 태아 심장 전문의가 있는 미시간대 병원이 있다는 것도 이사의 중요한 이유였다.


문제는 직장이 없는 켈리 씨가 새로 낳을 아이를 돌볼 경제적 여유가 없다는 점이었다. 그는 고심 끝에 입양을 생각해냈다. 주변의 도움으로 어렵사리 아픈 아이를 입양할 양부모를 아이를 낳기도 전에 찾아냈다.


6월 25일 아이는 세상에 태어났다. 아이는 출생 당시 숨을 쉬지 못해 응급처치를 받았다. 출생 후 초음파 검사 결과는 더 심각했다. 뇌의 양반구가 완전히 분리되지 않은 ‘완전전뇌증(完全前腦症)’과 간이나 위가 제 위치에 있지 않은 ‘내장 변위(變位)’도 발견됐다.


생후 8개월째인 올해 2월 현재 ‘S’로 불리는 이 아이는 이미 몇 차례의 심장 수술을 받았고 구순구개열 수술 등을 앞두고 있다. 좀 더 자란 뒤 심장 수술을 몇 차례 더 받아야 한다. 의사들은 아이가 생존해도 걷거나 말하지 못할 확률이 50%쯤 될 것으로 예상하고 있다.


그럼에도 불구하고 켈리 씨와 아이의 양부모는 아이로부터 매일 경이로운 장면을 보고 있다고 CNN에 전했다. “아이는 매일 전염성 강한 미소를 보이며 깨어나고, 의사와 눈을 맞춤으로써 사람들을 놀라게 하고 있다”고 말했다.


현재 미국 사회는 켈리 씨의 결정이 새 생명을 구한 구세주라는 의견과 함께 아이가 평생 안고 살아야 할 고통을 고려하지 않은 무책임한 행동이라는 견해가 팽팽하게 맞선 상태다.


허진석 기자 jameshuh@donga.com

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Surrogate mom refuses to abort fetus with birth defects

http://blog.sfgate.com/sfmoms/2013/03/05/surrogate-mom-refuses-to-abort-fetus-with-birth-defects/



Crystal Kelley was offered $10,000 to abort the child who she’s holding in this photo. (CNN)


When a Connecticut couple learned their surrogate mother was carrying a fetus with developmental disabilities, they offered her $10,000 to have an abortion, reported CNN.


Crystal Kelley, 29, demanded $15,000 to undergo a procedure that she claimed went against her religious beliefs.


The unnamed couple refused and a legal battle over the surrogacy contract and the child’s fate followed.


In August 2011, Kelley had signed an official contract with a surrogacy agency saying that she’d agree to abort if the fetus had a severe abnormality. Now she was carrying a disabled child, but she didn’t want to honor the agreement.


Determined to give the fetus a chance at life, Kelley fled Connecticut for Michigan, where under state law the surrogacy contract would be disregarded and she would be recognized as the legal guardian.


In Ann Arbor, she gave birth to a child with severe medical conditions.


As more people turn to a third party to carry their babies, complicated situations like this are challenging the ethics of surrogacy. When all three people involved in a surrogacy aren’t on the same page, what should happen?


***


This isn’t the first time a surrogacy situation has gone bad and caught the attention of national media. In 2010, when a Canadian couple learned their surrogate mother was carrying a fetus that was likely to be born with Down syndrome, they demanded an abortion.


The surrogate didn’t want to abort the child, according to the National Post, and the child’s fate became about the surrogacy contract.


According to the couple’s agreement with the surrogate, if the surrogate birthed the child, the biological parents wouldn’t have any legal responsibility for the child.


But many legal experts are saying that if this situation had been brought to court the surrogacy contract would have been disregarded. Instead the court would draw from family law requiring the biological parents to support the child.


It’s hard to know what would have happened because a surrogacy contract had never been contested in a Canadian court, according to the National Post, and the surrogate in this case never filed a lawsuit and decided to have an abortion in the end.


But the story got the entire world talking about surrogacy and whether contracts should be followed in all situations. What happens when prospective parents don’t want the child being carried by a surrogate? Should they be forced to care for a child they don’t want or can they demand that the surrogate abort the child?


***



Crystal Kelley revealed all the details of her complciated surrogacy to CNN. (CNN)


Crystal Kelley decided to become a surrogate mom because as a single mother of two daughters she desperately needed the $22,000 fee. Also, she struggled with fertility issues herself and liked the idea of helping out others in a similar situation.


The unnamed pair already had three children and wanted a fourth but the mother could no longer have children. For help, they turned to a surrogacy agency.


Kelley and the couple immediately bonded at their first meeting, and in October 2011 an embryo the couple had left over from a previous round of in-vitro fertilization was inserted into Kelley’s uterus.


Ten days later, Kelley was pregnant. The would-be parents were supportive through the beginning of the pregnancy, often checking in on Kelley during her first trimester when she suffered from morning sickness. The prospective parents gave Kelley and her two daughters holiday gifts.


The relationship started to sour in February when ultrasounds spotted signs of abnormalities. Things got worse when Kelley had a high-level ultrasound at five months and the doctor concluded that the baby would likely have a cleft lip and palate, a brain cyst and heart defects.


Because the doctors determined that the baby would need multiple heart surgeries after birth and would have only a 25 percent chance of leading a normal life, the couple decided that an abortion was the next best step. The couple’s three children were all premature and two of them struggled with ongoing health issues. They feared the child Crystal was carrying faced an even more challenging fate.


Kelley felt differently. She wanted to give the baby a chance at life.


A meeting at the hospital between the three was emotional.


Kelley told CNN:



They were both visibly upset. The mother was crying. They said they didn’t want to bring a baby into the world only for that child to suffer. … They said I should try to be God-like and have mercy on the child and let her go.


I told them that they had chosen me to carry and protect this child, and that was exactly what I was going to do,” Kelley said. “I told them it wasn’t their decision to play God.


Overwhelmed and frustrated, Kelley walked out of the meeting.


The couple hoped their surrogate would move forward with an abortion but when the intended mother realized Kelley failed to make the appointment with the hospital, she and her husband offered her $10,000 to move forward with the procedure.


Kelley was tempted but felt she should be compensated more to do something that went against her religious values. Kelley told CNN that in a weak moment she let the surrogacy agency know that she’d terminate the pregnancy for $15,000.



The couple declined the offer, but Kelley claims that before she even received that news she had decided to have the baby.


In a final attempt to push for an abortion, the parents hired a lawyer. Kelley had signed a contract agreeing to abort if the fetus had severe abnormalities but the contract didn’t indicate what constitutes a severe disability. The lawyer alerted Kelley that she’d need to pay back all fees if she didn’t have an abortion because she was breaking the contract.


Kelley hired her own lawyer, Michael DePrimo, an attorney in Hamden, Conn. DePrimo wrote back: “Ms. Kelley was more than willing to abort this fetus if the dollars were right.”


Then the couple changed their minds and decided that they would exercise their legal rights to keep the baby and after birth they’d put her in foster care.


The legal squabble continued. With the 24-week legal limit for abortion just around the corner, Kelley decided to leave Connecticut where state law says that the baby’s genetic parents—the ones who supplied the sperm—are the legal parents, according to CNN. In April 2011, she moved to Michigan, one of several states that disregards surrogacy contracts and views the woman who’s carrying the baby as the legal guardian. She also chose Michigan because C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital at the University of Michigan has an outstanding pediatric heart program.


In Ann Arbor, Kelley and her girls settled into a new life. As her pregnancy progressed, Kelley thought a lot about whether to keep the baby or give it up for adoption. She was already struggling financially and decided it would be best to give her up for adoption.


Through an online group, Kelley connected with a mother of a special needs child who would adopt her baby.


The situation too took a complicated turn a month before the baby was due last June. The Connecticut couple filed papers in Superior Court for parental rights, indicating that they wanted to be the legal parents.


By filing the papers, the couple was forced to reveal that the wife was not the baby’s genetic mother. The couple used an anonymous egg donor.



Baby S was born with a cleft lip and palate. (CNN)


In the midst of a legal battle, Kelley gave birth to a baby with medical problems that were far worse than ever expected.


CNN reports:



She has a birth defect called holoprosencephaly, where the brain fails to completely divide into distinct hemispheres. She has heterotaxy, which means many of her internal organs, such as her liver and stomach, are in the wrong places. She has at least two spleens, neither of which works properly. Her head is very small, her right ear is misshapen, she has a cleft lip and a cleft palate, and a long list of complex heart defects, among other problems.


Kelley’s name went on the birth certificate but the space for a father was left blank.


Two weeks later, Kelley finally struck a deal with the couple. The husband and wife agreed to give up their parental rights as long as they could maintain a relationship with the child.


Kelley handed over the child, who is identified as Baby S, to the chosen adoptive mother.


In the seven months since Baby S’s birth, the unnamed adoptive mother told CNN that the Connecticut couple visited and held the child.


“They do care about her well-being. They do care about how she’s doing,” she said.


Baby S is leading a life filled with medical complications. She gets food through a tube inserted into her stomach. Her head is small and she has facial abnormalities. If she lives, she has a 50 percent chance of ever walking.


Some might see her life as miserable but her adoptive mother sees a lot of hope and joy.


“S. wakes up every single morning with an infectious smile. She greets her world with a constant sense of enthusiasm,” her mother said in an e-mail to CNN. “Ultimately, we hold onto a faith that in providing S. with love, opportunity, encouragement, she will be the one to show us what is possible for her life and what she is capable of achieving.”


As for Kelley, she’s chronicling her experience on her blog where she receives both fan and hate mail. Some see her as a brave woman who saved a child’s life while others see her as a selfish person who recklessly brought an unhealthy child into the world when she had no right to make that decision.


I think both Kelley and the couple behaved badly in this terribly sad story. The lesson here seems to be that surrogate moms and prospective parents need to have open and honest discussions about possible pregnancy outcomes and how they would respond to different scenarios before a contract is ever signed. Most importantly, they need to make sure that they share similar views on abortion.


The hero in this story is undoubtedly the selfless adoptive mother who was happy to care for Baby S and love her like her own. I can only hope that the child’s upcoming surgeries are successful and her medical condition improves.


What do you think?


Posted By: Amy Graff ( Email , Twitter , Facebook ) | Mar 05 at 3:30 pm


By Harry Alsop


3:01PM GMT 05 Mar 2013






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US surrogate mother Crystal Kelley flees after baby’s parents order her to abort foetus


http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/9910263/US-surrogate-mother-Crystal-Kelley-flees-after-babys-parents-order-her-to-abort-foetus.html

A surrogate mother fled to protect the unborn child growing inside her after the baby’s parents demanded she abort the foetus when it was found to have developmental disabilities.

urrogate mother Crystal Kelley, 29, five months into her pregnancy last year that the baby she was carrying had a series of disabilities.



When the child’s parents told her they wanted to abort the foetus, she fled from Connecticut across the country to Michigan, where under state law she had legal rights as the child’s mother.



Ms Kelley arranged to be a surrogate through an established agency in August 2011, after finding herself in financial difficulty, CNN reported.



A couple, who already had an embryo from a previous round of IVF, paid her $22,000 to carry the child.



The embryo was implanted on 8 October, with Ms Kelley confirming she was pregnant 10 days later.




In February, however, ultrasound tests began to show that the baby was developing abnormally.


The baby was suspected to have a cleft palate, a brain cyst and serious heart defects. Doctors were unable to locate the child’s spleen or stomach, and gave the baby only a 25 percent chance of living a normal life.


It was after this that the parents decided to send a letter to Ms Kelley, via intermediaries, stating: “Given the ultrasound findings, (the parents) feel that the interventions required to manage (the baby’s medical problems) are overwhelming for an infant, and that it is a more humane option to consider pregnancy termination”.


The couples’ three children had all been born prematurely and two had ongoing medical problems.


The situation became steadily more heated as the couple argued that they did not want to go through with the pregnancy, only for the child to suffer.


But Ms Kelley, who is deeply religious, argued that “it wasn’t their decision to play God”.


Ms Kelley was the only one who could arrange an abortion, and the couple told her that if she wished to have the baby, they would not be its legal guardians.


They offered her $10,000 to have the procedure but Ms Kelley refused, demanding $15,000 instead in what she says was a “weak moment”.


The parents refused, and reminded her of her contractual obligation to abort the foetus if it displayed signs of abnormality.


If she refused, she would be sued for the fee she had already received, plus all the medical expenses and legal fees.


With the 24-week legal limit for abortion approaching, Ms Kelley drove to Michigan, a state which considers the surrogate mother the legal guardian.


She decided that she could not raise the child however, and began to find a suitable adoptive couple who wanted a disabled child.


Around one month before the baby was due, the birth parents got back in touch, saying that they wanted to have parental rights to the child, with their names on the birth certificate.


On 25 June, the child was born amidst complicated legal proceedings. The birth certificate was not completed.


Three weeks later however and the case was resolved, with the birth parents agreeing to give up any legal claim to the child in exchange for information about the child’s health.


Ms Kelley told CNN that although some people may hate her, she felt she has done the right thing.


“I knew from the beginning that this little girl had an amazing fighting spirit, and whatever challenges were thrown at her, she would go at them with every ounce of spirit that she could possibly have,” she said.


“No matter what anybody told me, I became her mother.”




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Surrogate Mother Who Refused to Abort Child Flees State to Keep Couple From Taking Custody


March 5, 2013

http://christiannews.net/2013/03/05/surrogate-mother-who-refused-to-abort-child-flees-state-to-keep-couple-from-taking-custody/

CNN recently reported a story of a woman who defied the demands of a couple to abort the baby that she was carrying for them as a surrogate.


The woman’s name is Crystal Kelley, who at age 29, was seeking to be a surrogate for a couple that was struggling with infertility. In addition to wanting to help a desperate family, she was in need herself of finances, which her surrogate services would provide.


In 2011, she arranged to meet with a couple in a playground near her home of Vernon, Connecticut to discuss carrying a child for the family. The unidentified couple had three children, but could not have more, and had two frozen embryos in storage.


Kelley and the family came to an agreement, and in October, she had both embryos implanted into her uterus. She was informed days later that one had survived. The two parties were cordial and friendly with each other — that is, until approximately five months into the pregnancy.


During a routine ultrasound, doctors had difficulty seeing the baby’s heartbeat and requested that Kelley go to Hartford Hospital for further tests. Later, Kelley received a phone call notifying her that the child had severe abnormalities, including heart defects, a cyst on the brain and a cleft lip and palate. They could also not locate the spleen.


Doctors told Kelley that the baby would require several heart surgeries following birth, and would likely survive, but would only have a 25 percent chance at a normal life. When the waiting couple found out, they demanded that Kelley obtain an abortion.


“Given the ultrasound findings, [the parents] feel that the interventions required to manage [the baby's health issues] are overwhelming for an infant, and that it is a more humane option to consider pregnancy termination,” stated a letter from Hartford Hospital.


Kelley refused.


“Ms. Kelley feels that all efforts should be made to ‘give the baby a chance’ and seems adamantly opposed to termination,” the document continued.


Kelley’s decision made the couple very upset.


“They said I should try to be God-like and have mercy on the child and let her go,” she remembered. “I told them that they had chosen me to carry and protect this child, and that was exactly what I was going to do. I told them it wasn’t their decision to play God.”


The couple then called Hartford Hospital to inquire about abortion services, but was informed that only Kelley could request an abortion.


Days later, Kelley received an email from a surrogacy organization, notifying her that the parents had decided that they did not wish to have rights to the child if he or she was to be born.


“You will be the only person who will be making decisions about the child, should the child is born,” wrote Surrogacy Internation’s Rita Kron.


However, she told Kelley that the couple had offered to pay $10,000 to have the baby aborted. Later, Kron took Kelley out to lunch to convince her to move forward with the abortion.


“She painted a picture of a life of a person who had a child with special needs,” Kelley recalled. “She told me how it would be painful, it would be taxing, it would be strenuous and stressful. She told me it would financially drain me, that my children would suffer because of it.”


In a statement that she later regretted, Kelley said to ask the parents if they would move forward with an abortion for $15,000. However, she quickly recanted and again resolved to keep the baby safe — no matter what.


Soon after, Kelley received a strongly-worded letter in the mail. The couple had hired an attorney.


“You are obligated to terminate this pregnancy immediately,” wrote attorney Douglas Fishman. “You have squandered precious time.”


In just weeks, Kelley would be 24 weeks pregnant and would not be permitted under law to abort. The attorney pressured her to schedule the abortion quickly, stating that she had signed a contract that agreed to end the baby’s life should there be a severe abnormality. He also threatened that if she did not abort, the parents would sue to get their money back — plus legal fees.


Kelley again refused. Instead, she obtained her own attorney, Michael DePrimo, who contended that the woman should not be forced to have an abortion.


“[A]bortion is off the table and will not be considered under any circumstance,” he wrote to Fishman.


However, soon after, Fishman contacted DePrimo and said that the couple had changed their mind. The planned to take custody of the child and then surrender her as a ward of the state upon birth. Kelley wouldn’t have it.


DePrimo then presented Kelley’s options, one of which was to move to a state where only the woman carrying the child is recognized as the mother under the law. After contemplating the issue, Kelley decided to move to Michigan.


“Once I realized that I was going to be the only person really fighting for her, that Mama bear instinct kicked in, and there was no way I was giving up without a fight,” she said.


She said she chose the state because it provided the best pediatric heart care in the country.


Because Kelley did not feel that she could raise the child herself, she contacted one of the women that helped her move to Michigan and asked if she would be interested in adopting. She said yes.


In the meantime, the couple filed court documents fighting for their rights to the child. However, in the paperwork, it was admitted that the woman was not really the mother as she had used an anonymous egg donor during the invitro fertilization procedure.


Therefore, when the child was born, a girl, Kelley’s name went on the birth certificate and the father’s name was left blank. The two parties agreed to give up rights to the baby as long as the adoptive parents would allow the couple to visit the child.


The infant still deals with numerous health issues, including a mishapen ear and head, and faces a number of risky heart surgeries, but according to her adoptive parents, is in good spirits.


“[She] wakes up every single morning with an infectious smile. She greets her world with a constant sense of enthusiasm,” they wrote in an email to CNN. “Ultimately, we hold onto a faith that in providing [this child] with love, opportunity, encouragement, she will be the one to show us what is possible for her life and what she is capable of achieving.”


Kelley, who is thankful that she fought for the baby’s life, says that she has been demonized by many as she has shared her story online.


“I can’t tell you how many people told me that I was bad, that I was wrong, that I should go have an abortion, that I would be damned to Hell,” she explained.


But Kelley is adamant that what she did was right.


“No one else was feeling this pregnancy the way that I was. No one else could feel her kicking and moving around inside,” she said. “I knew from the beginning that this little girl had an amazing fighting spirit, and whatever challenges were thrown at her, she would go at them with every ounce of spirit that she could possibly have.”


“When I look into her pretty blue-ish eyes, I can see that sparkle that makes me know that I did the right thing by standing up for her,” she added in a recent blog post.









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http://edition.cnn.com/2013/03/06/opinion/oconnor-surrogate-abortion

http://edition.cnn.com/2013/03/04/health/surrogacy-kelley-legal-battle

]]> http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&p=3796/feed 0 [대리모] “인도서 ‘대리모 농장’ 성업중” http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&p=1992 http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&p=1992#comments Mon, 10 May 2010 03:01:25 +0000 건강과대안 http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&p=1992

“인도서 ‘대리모 농장’ 성업중”


세계일보 | 입력 2010.05.09 7년간 167명이 216명 출산 인권침해 등 논란도 확산

불임 부부를 위해 대신 아이를 낳아주는 대리모 ‘농장’이 인도에서 성업 중이라고 9일 영국 선데이타임스가 보도했다.

영국인 윌리엄은 부인 엘리손이 난자를 생산할 수 없어 아이를 정상적으로 가질 수 없는 상황이었지만 인도 구자라트주 아난드에 있는 아칸크샤 불임 클리닉(AIC)의 도움으로 소중한 자식을 얻었다. AIC는 엘리손 여동생으로부터 기증받은 난자와 남편의 정자를 인공수정한 뒤 수정란을 인도 여성 자궁에 착상시켰다. 그리고 열 달 뒤, 윌리엄 부부는 꿈에 그리던 아이를 품에 안았다.







◇인도 구자라트의 격리시설 침대에서 휴식을 위하고 있는 대리모들.
선데이 타임스 제공

이들이 대리모 출산 패키지에 지불한 돈은 1만4300파운드(약 2400만원)로, 이 가운데 4250∼4900파운드는 대리모에게 지불된다. 이 정도 소득은 인도 농촌지역 노동자들의 10년 수입과 맞먹는다고 타임스는 전했다.

AIC는 2003년 설립 이후 지금까지 167명 대리모가 216명의 아이를 대리 출산했다. 지금도 대리모 50명이 임신 중이다. 대리모들은 임신부터 출산 시까지 격리시설에 수용돼 생활한다. 태아에게 안 좋은 영향을 줄 수 있는 음식이나 신체 활동을 규제하기 위해서다. 대리모 가족은 주말에 한 번 면회할 수 있다.

이처럼 철저한 관리 정책 덕분에 AIC는 아시아에서 가장 큰 대리모 허브로 자리 잡았다. 최근에는 ‘세상의 요람’이라는 별명까지 얻었다.

고객은 미국인이 50∼60%로 가장 많고 영국인도 약 10%다. 인도에서는 대리모 관련 규제가 느슨해 최근 허술하게 관리되는 대리모 사업장이 곳곳에서 들어서는 실정이다. 인도 전체 대리모 비즈니스가 연간 2억9000만달러 규모인 것으로 추산된다.

대리모 사업이 커지면서 관련 논란도 확산되고 있다. 여성의 자궁을 돈을 받고 빌려주는 거래가 합당하냐는 것이다. 대리모를 격리 수용하는 것도 인권 침해의 가능성이 있다는 지적도 나온다. 또한 일부 대리모가 자신의 아이를 다른 부부에게 넘겨줄 때 정신적 충격으로 고생하는 것도 문제점으로 지적됐다.

]]> http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&p=1992/feed 0