1946년부터 1948년까지 미국이 과테말라에서 시행한 매독균 연구에 대한 연구윤리 위반 논란이 일자 임상시험의 윤리에 대한 평가와 개선점을 논의한 미국 백악관 위원회 보고서

The Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues issued its report concerning federally-sponsored research involving human volunteers, concluding that current rules and regulations provide adequate safeguards to mitigate risk.  In its report, Moral Science: Protecting Participants in Human Subjects Research, the Commission also recommended 14 changes to current practices to better protect research subjects, and called on the federal government to improve its tracking of research programs supported with taxpayer dollars.